Index:An introduction to philosophy (IA Introductiontoph00brig 0).pdf

TitleAn Introduction to Philosophy
AuthorEdgar Sheffield Brightman
Year1925
PublisherHenry Holt & co
LocationNew York
Sourcepdf
ProgressTo be proofread
TransclusionIndex not transcluded or unreviewed
Pages (key to Page Status)
Cover – – – Title ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x xi xii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 – – Cover

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE
I. The Philosophical Spirit
§ 1. Philosophy Exists 3
§ 2. Philosophical Terminology Is Difficult 3
§ 3. The Problem of Philosophy 4
§ 4. The Limits of Philosophy 5
§ 5. Philosophy as a Spirit or Method 6
§ 6. The Philosophical Spirit Is Not Absence of Thought 8
§ 7. Not All Thought Is Philosophical 8
§ 8. The Philosophical Spirit Distinguished from the Scientific 9
§ 9. The Perils of the Philosophical Spirit 14
§ 10. Value of the Philosophical Spirit 18
§ 11. Philosophical Methods 22
§ 12. What We May Expect from Philosophy 29
II. How Can We Distinguish Truth from Error?
§ 1. Sketch of the Development of Logic 31
§ 2. The Meaning of Truth 34
§ 3. Instinct as Criterion 35
§ 4. Custom as Criterion 37
§ 5. Tradition as Criterion 38
§ 6. Consensus Gentium 39
§ 7. Feeling as Criterion 41
§ 8. Sense Experience as Criterion 42
§ 9. Intuition as Criterion 46
§ 10. Correspondence as Criterion 49
§ 11. Practical Consequences as Criterion 50
§ 12. Coherence as Criterion 58
III. How Do Our Ideas Refer to Reality?
§ 1. The Problem of Epistemology 67
§ 2. Skepticism 69
§ 3. “Kantian” Subjectivism 72
§ 4. Epistemological Monism 74
§ 5. Epistemological Dualism 78
§ 6. Difficulties in Epistemological Dualism 80
§ 7. Arguments for Epistemological Dualism 89
§ 8. The Objective Reference of Thought 92
§ 9. The Categories 93
§ 10. Transition to the Following Chapter 98
IV. What Are Physical Things?
§ 1. The Place of the Chapter in the Book as a Whole 99
§ 2. Physical Things as Starting Point of Metaphysics 100
§ 3. Method of Investigation 102
§ 4. Physical Things As They Are for Naïve Realism 102
§ 5. Physical Things As They Are for Science 105
§ 6. Physical Things As They Are for Philosophy 109
§ 7. Conclusions About the Nature of Physical Things 120
V. What Are Universals and Values?
§ 1. On Abstraction 123
§ 2. Definition of Terms 124
§ 3. Why Should Universals and Values Be Studied Together? 126
§ 4. Are Universals Real? 128
§ 5. Relations of Universal and Particular 129
§ 6. Problems About Value (Axiology) 139
§ 7. Psychology of Valuation 140
§ 8. What Do We Value? 142
§ 9. What Is the Standard of Value? 143
§ 10. Classification of Values 144
§ 11. Interpenetration of the Values 147
§ 12. Value and Existence 148
§ 13. Are Values Subjective or Objective? 149
§ 14. Value and Personalism 162
VI. What Is Consciousness?
§ 1. Introductory 166
§ 2. How Should Consciousness Be Studied? 168
§ 3. Advantages of an Historical Approach to the Problem 172
§ 4. Primitive Belief in the Soul 173
§ 5. More Developed Theories of the Soul 174
§ 6. Associationistic Theories of Consciousness (Structural or Analytic) 178
§ 7. Functional Theories 182
§ 8. Behaviorism 183
§ 9. Self-psychology (Personalistic Psychology) 189
§ 10. The Mind-Body Problem 201
§ 11. Is Personality an Adequate Philosophical Principle? 207
VII. The Chief Philosophical World Views
§ 1. Introductory 212
§ 2. On What Do All World Views Agree? 212
§ 3. On What Most Important Points Do World Views Disagree? 213
§ 4. Is a World View Possible? 215
§ 5. Is the World to Be Viewed as One or as Many? 216
§ 6. Is the World all of One Kind of Being, or Is It of Two or More Different Kinds? 220
§ 7. Is the World Friendly or Indifferent to the Highest Values? 224
§ 8. Summary: The Fundamental Issues 229
§ 9. Realism 231
§ 10. Idealism 236
VIII. Is the World a Machine?
§ 1. The Fundamental Problem of Metaphysics: Mechanism vs. Teleology 249
§ 2. What Are a Mechanism and an Organism? 251
§ 3. Man’s Attempts to Explain His World 253
§ 4. The Truth and Value of Mechanistic Explanation 257
§ 5. The Limitations of Mechanistic Explanation 259
§ 6. Transition to Next Chapter 259
IX. Has the World a Purpose?
§ 1. A Restatement of the Problem of Mechanism and Teleology 281
§ 2. The Teleological Facts 281
§ 3. Objections to Teleology 290
§ 4. Review of the Possible Solutions of the Problem 304
§ 5. Purpose as Conscious or Unconscious 307
§ 6. The Place of Mechanism in a Teleological Universe 309
§ 7. The Relation of Teleology to the Problems of Philosophy 313
X. What Is the Place of Religious Values in Life?
§ 1. Philosophy Includes the Interpretation of All Values 315
§ 2. Religion Chosen for Special Investigation 317
§ 3. Definition of Religion 317
§ 4. The Fundamental Problems of Religion 322
§ 5. God and Physical Nature 335
§ 6. God and Finite Persons 338
§ 7. Immortality 340
§ 8. The Future of Religion 350
XI. What Is the Practical Value of Philosophy?
§ 1. Retrospect and Prospect 352
§ 2. What Is Meant by “Practical Value”? 353
§ 3. The Practical Peril of Dogmatism 355
§ 4. The Practical Peril of Subjectivism 357
§ 5. The Ideal vs. the Real 358
§ 6. The Value of Philosophy for Life 360
§ 7. The Practical Value of Personalism 361
Bibliography 365
Lexicon 379
This article is issued from Wikisource. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.