Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Yoreh Deah/132

To not benefit from libation wine

If a non-Jew touches our wine, although it is prohibited to derive benefit from it, one may take its value from the non-Jew who prohibited it, or the non-Jew may sell it and give the money to a Jew. If a Jew sells it to another non-Jew and the money was given to the second non-Jew before the Jew gives him the wine, the money is prohibited for benefit. However, if the non-Jew took the wine first and then gave the money to the Jew, some say that even though the owner of the wine is prohibited from benefiting from others, it is permitted for him.

Rema: All of this applies only to non-Jews who pour libations, but nowadays, any contact with them does not prohibit the wine, only drinking it (Rashi in the name of the Geonim), as explained above in Section 123.

If a Jew sells his wine to a non-Jew, the ruling is that until the non-Jew has taken possession of it, the money is permitted because the Jew relied on the sale. Once the non-Jew has taken possession, the wine becomes prohibited since it was not in the Jew's possession at the time of sale. If the non-Jew took the wine before the Jew received the money, the wine is prohibited because the Jew did not rely on the sale. This is similar to a case where the Jew measured the wine for his own vessels (or for the vessels of the non-Jew that do not have wine residue).

Rema: However, if he measured for a vessel of a non-Jew that has wine residue, it is only prohibited due to a mixture of a small amount of wine that was in the vessel. In such a case, the entire wine is permitted for benefit, except for the value of the small amount of wine that was in the vessel. Even initially, it is only prohibited if there was a small amount of wine at the opening of the non-Jew's vessel, which immediately prohibits the wine. But if there was wine residue at the edges of the vessel and the vessel was standing in the courtyard of the non-Jew or was held in his hand, or was standing in the seller's domain, and the seller said to him, "Buy your vessel," it is permitted because as soon as it comes into the air of the vessel, he acquires it, and the wine is not prohibited until he touches the wine residue at the edges of the vessel. Similarly, if the non-Jew measured and lifted it first to acquire it, everything is permitted because he acquired it before measuring. But if he did not lift it and measured, it is treated like other wine that comes from a non-Jew, as explained above in Section 125.

All of this applies only in their times when non-Jews poured libations and prohibited benefit through contact. But nowadays, when non-Jews do not pour libations and do not prohibit through contact, only through drinking, it is permitted to derive benefit in all matters, and it is a common practice to sell wine to non-Jews without concern for these laws (all according to the Tur).

If Jewish workers performed work for a non-Jew and he sent them a barrel of wine as payment, if they have not yet received it as payment, it is permitted for them to say to him, "Before you send us this barrel, it should be yours, and you should give us money for it." But if they have received it as payment, it is prohibited (Rabbi Yerucham and the Rosh).

(And see above in Section 123 that even after receiving it, it is permitted nowadays).

If one hires non-Jewish workers and provides them with food, it is prohibited to give them wine of libation. If he says to them, "Go and drink from the store of so-and-so, and I will pay," it is permitted, even if he designated a coin for them and it is in the possession of the homeowner. However, if he designated a coin for them beforehand, it is prohibited, specifically when he said to him, "This coin should be in your hand until you give the workers to drink, and I will settle with you later." But if he gave it to him to take out now if he needs it, it is permitted.

(Similarly, if one invites non-Jews to his place, it is permitted to give money to his servant to buy them wine).

If a Jew has wine and needs to give a certain portion to the king, he can say to a non-Jew, "Intercede with the king for me," even though the non-J