Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/296

1 The order of Havdalah: Wine, spices, candle, havdalah. And your mnemonic is YBNH. And one needs to take care that the cup should not be blemished. Gloss: And the custom is to say, before Havdalah that is done at home, "Behold, God is my Salvation", etc.; "I will lift up a cup of salvation", etc.; "The Jews had light", etc.; as a good omen. And during Havdalah, they should focus their eyes on the cup and the candle. And we are accustomed to spill from the cup of wine onto the ground before he will complete "Who Creates the fruit of the vine" so that the cup should not be blemished. And the reason for the spilling is because we say, any home in which wine is not spilled like water ​does not have a sign of blessing. And we do so as a good sign at the beginning of the week. We also spill from the cup after Havdalah and extinguish the candle with it. And we moisten our eyes with it, as an expression of the dearness of the mitzvah.

2 Havdalah is not recited over the bread. However, we recite Havdalah over the liquor if it is "wine of the region," and the same rule applies to other beverages with the exception of water. Gloss: And it is better to recite Havdalah over a blemished cup of wine rather than over liquor (Avudraham). And we have a custom to recite Havdalah on Motzei Pesach over liquor and not over wine because it is precious to us. And on Yom Tov that falls to be on Motzei Shabbat, that has kiddush which is said over the bread, there are those who say that along with the kiddush one can also say Havdalah over it. And there are those who say that it is better to say both the kiddush and Havdalah over the liquor. Gloss: And the first opinion is the essence.

3 If one does not have wine, and not liquor and other drinks, there are those who say that it is permitted for him to eat. And there are those who say that if he expects that he will have on the morrow, he should not eat until the morrow that he will recite Havdalah. And if one only has one cup, and he does not expect that he will have on the morrow, it is better that he should eat before he will recite Havdalah, and he should recite Birkat Hamazon over it, and afterwards he should recite Havdalah over it, rather than that he should bless Birkat Hamazon without a cup, according to the words of those who say that birkat hamazon requires a cup. And according to the words of those who say that it does not require a cup, one should not eat until he will recite havdalah. And this refers to a case where this cup only had sparely a revi'is, and it already has been poured according to its law, that if he would have placed more water in it, it would not have been fit for drinking; for if not so, according to the words of all, one first recites havdalah, and drinks a little bit from it, and adds to it to fill it to a revi'is, and blesses birkat hamazon over it.

4 One who's hand cannot afford to buy wine for Kiddush and for Havdalah should buy for havdalah, for kiddush can be recited with bread.

5 If one's hand cannot afford to buy both oil for the Chanukah lamp and wine for havdalah, the Chanukah lamp take precedence.

6 One recites Havdalah while sitting. Gloss: And there are those who say, while standing [Agudah; and Kol Bo; and Igur] and such is he custom in these countries. And one grasps the wine in the right and the myrtle in the left and recites the blessing over the wine. And then he takes the myrtle in the right and the wine in the left and recites the blessing over the myrtle; and returns the wine to his right.

7 Even if the entire household heard Havdalah in the synagogue, if they had the intention not to fulfill their obligation, they recite Havdalah at home.
​8 Women are obligated in Havdalah just as they are obligated in Kiddush. And there is an opinion that argues. Gloss: Therefore, they should not recite Havdalah for themselves, rather they should hear Havdalah from the men.