Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/272

1 Kiddush is not recited over wine with an unpleasant fragrance, even though its smell and taste are like wine, and not on uncovered wine, even in the present era, when we are not careful about beverages that are uncovered. Gloss: And kiddush is not recited over wine whose fragrance is like wine and whose taste is like vinegar. (Tur).

2 Kiddush is recited over wine from its press and a person may squeeze a cluster of grapes and recite kiddush over it.

3 Kiddush is recited over wine that's in the opening of the barrel even though there are white flecks in it; gloss: and there are those who forbid to recite kiddush over it; rather one should filter it initially to remove the flecks (Hagahos Mordechai, Chapter "One Who Sells a house"; and Beis Yosef in the name of Orchot Chayim and Tosefos); and over wine that's in the bottom of the barrel, even though it has dregs; and over black wine; and over sweet wine; and over wine whose smell is like vinegar and whose taste is like wine. And nevertheless, ​it is a mitzvah to choose superior wine over which to recite kiddush.

4 Kiddush is recited over white wine. And the Ramban disqualifies it for kiddush, even after the fact. But havdalah is recited on it. And the custom of the world is like the first opinion.

5 Kiddush is recited over undiluted wine; even if it is so strong that it bears ‎(meaningː that it is fit to be diluted) ‎three parts ‎of ‎water ‎to ‎one. And nevertheless, it is preferable to dilute it; and only provided that it should be diluted appropriately. Gloss: And our wines are are preferable without dilution. (Tur).

6 Kiddush is recited over wine made of raisins (and that is provided that they have some moisture without being steeped) (Tur).

7 Kiddush is recited over wine dregs or pits that one steeped in water if it is fit to recite the blessing Bore pri hagafen over it (and see above Siman 204, Seif 5).

8 Kiddush is recited over cooked wine and over wine that has honey in it. And there are those who say that kiddush is not recited over them. Gloss: And the custom is to recite kiddush over it, even if one has other wine, but that it is not as good as the cooked one or the one that has honey in it. (Agur).

9 In a place where wine is uncommon, there are those who say that kiddush is recited over beer and other beverages, except for water. And there are those who say that kiddush is not recited. And according to the Rosh, at night, one should not recite kiddush over the beer, but rather over over the bread; and in the morning, it is better to recite kiddush over the beer, so that he will bless "shehakol" upon it before the blessing of "HaMotzi", because if one will recite the blessing over the bread initially, there is no change here, and they are words of reason. Gloss: And so the custom is spread out as the words of the Rosh. And if there is wine in the town, one should not recite kiddush over the bread. And someone who doesn't drink wine on account of a vow, could recite kiddush over it, and others who are reclining with him should drink. And if there are not others with him, he should recite kiddush over the bread and not over the wine; or he should hear kiddush from others. (Hagahos Maimoni, Chapter 29, that one searches after wine; and Teshuvos Maimoni, Book of Pledges, No. 4, that one should recite kiddush over the bread; therefore, one needs to say the difference, if one is eating by himself and if he's eating with others).

10 The blessing of the wine of kiddush exempts wine that's during the meal. And it does not require a blessing after it; because birkat hamazon exempts it, whether it is over a cup or if it is not over a cup. (And see above, Siman 174, Seif 6).