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cially territorial and particularly factory party nuclei, guided by the most progressive of the workers themselves living in direct contact with the masses—this is the basis upon which we are building and will complete an unshakable nucleus of the revolutionary and Social Democratic labor movement. And this illegal nucleus will incomparably more widely than in previous times extend its ramifications, and spread its influence through the Duma, through the trade unions, the cooperatives, and educational societies."

This is extremely important for all the Sections of the Communist International.

Some Sections of the Communist International rightly point out that they cannot openly organize nuclei in the factories because their members are immediately discharged; under these conditions it is necessary to form nuclei hidden from the eyes of the employers' sleuths, but the work of which must be visible to the workers in the factories. These nuclei must have their ramifications in the factory committee, among the members of the trade union, in cooperative societies, sport clubs and other organisations connected with the factory in the same way as the Bolshevik Party had 20 years ago.

Lenin at that time had already raised the question of forming Bolshevik fractions in the trade unions, cooperatives and educational societies. This helped the Bolsheviks in their long and stubborn fight to win over these organizations from within.

At the present time, the basis, the foundation of