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rade" (September 1902) which served as the basis of the organization of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party. At the head of the local organization was a committee to which were subordinated the district groups and circles. Some of these, after confirmation by the committee, joined the party. Others were regarded merely as associates. Later on, in large towns, district committees sprang up. According to the rules adopted at the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (1903), only the committees, as actual organizations of "professional revolutionaries," had the right to send representatives to Party Congresses, in addition to the Central Committee of the Party and the editorial board of the central organ. The latter played a predominant part in the formation of the Social Democratic Party in Russia: it was "not only a collective propagandist and collective agitator, but also a collective organizer." (Lenin, 1901, in "Iskra," No. 4).

Prior to the Second Congress of the Party, Martov and Paul Axelrod worked together with Lenin. At the end of the ’90’s in an introduction to Lenin’s pamphlet, "The Tasks of Russian Social Democrats," Axelrod wrote that "Lenin happily combined in himself the experience of a good practician with theoretical training and a wide political outlook." At the Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1903, however, they parted company. The differences arose principally over ques-