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52 THE MODERN LOCOMOTIVE [CH.


covering is made up of removable segments, pro- longed at the front end to form a smoke-box.

Riegel on the Southern Pacific Railroad of America uses a water-tube boiler on express passenger engines. The water-tubes are located in the fire-box, and the foundation ring, which is of cast steel, has water- pockets cast in it at the sides, beyond the grate and throughout its length, thus forming lower termina- tions for two nests of water-tubes. These extend from the pockets diagonally upwards to the crown plate, which is slightly depressed to keep the upper tube terminations flooded. Above the crown plate is provided a staying cylinder, which, with the crown plate, makes a double thickness at the crown for tube ends; this cylinder has sufficient flexibility to allow for expansion and contraction. The tubes can be withdrawn through the water-pockets which are fitted with removable plates. This fire-box has no less than 768 sq. fect of heating surface.

Marine Type. The marine type of water-tube fire-box (Fig. 17) employed with satisfactory results on the Northern of France Railway deserves mention. An engine so fitted was shewn at the 1910 Brussels Exhibition after having covered 33,000 kms. on the road. In vertical cross-section the fire-box resembles the Wootten overhanging type, affording accommoda- tion for a group of splayed water-tubes which form the side walls of the box. The tubes are expanded,

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