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When two or more Pawns belonging to the same player are on the same file, the foremost one is termed a Doubled Pawn.

A Pawn which stands alone, without support and protection from his brother Pawns, is called an Isolated Pawn.

Is a peculiar game, in which one party undertakes to place a cap or ring on one of his Pawns, and to check-mate his adversary with that identical Pawn.

When a Piece or Pawn is in a situation to be taken by the enemy, it is said to be en prise.

Where a player has one legal move only at his command, it is called a forced move.

An illegal move, such as playing a Rook diagonally, a Bishop like a Knight, or Castling when the King is in check, or after he has been moved, is termed a false move.

If a player contrive to gain a Rook for a Bishop or a Knight, he is said to have won the exchange.

The Bishop and Knight, in contra-distinction to the Queen and Rook, are described as minor pieces.

A player is said to gain the Opposition when he has so manoeuvred his King as to compel the adverse King to retreat or abandon the advantageous squares.

Derived from the French word partie. and occasionally used instead of "game."