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ADVENTURES OF CAPTAIN BONNEVILLE.

CHAPTER II.

Departure from Fort Osage—modes of transportation—pack-horses—wagons—Walker and Cerré; their characters—buoyant feelings on launching upon the prairies—wild equipments of the trappers—their gambols and antics—difference of character between the American and French trappers—Agency of the Kansas—General Clarke—White Plume, the Kansas chief—night scene in a trader's camp—colloquy between White Plume and the captain—bee-hunters—their expeditions—their feuds with the Indians—bargaining talent of White Plume.

It was on the first of May, 1832, that Captain Bonneville took his departure from the frontier post of Fort Osage, on the Missouri. He had enlisted a party of one hundred and ten men, most of whom had been in the Indian country, and some of whom were experienced hunters and trappers. Fort Osage, and other places on the borders of the western wilderness, abound with characters of the kind, ready for any expedition.

The ordinary mode of transportation in these great inland expeditions of the fur traders is on mules and pack-horses; but Captain Bonneville substituted wagons. Though he was to travel through a trackless wilderness, yet the greater part of his route would be across open plains, destitute of forests, and where wheel carriages can pass in every direction. The chief difficulty occurs in passing the deep ravines cut through the prairies by streams and winter torrents. Here it is often necessary to dig a road down the banks, and to make bridges for the wagons.

In transporting his baggage in vehicles of this kind. Captain Bonneville thought he would save the great delay caused every morning by packing the horses, and the labor of unpacking in the evening. Fewer horses also would be required, and less risk incurred of their wandering away, or being frightened or carried off by the Indians. The wagons, also, would be more easily defended, and might form a kind of fortification in case of attack in the open prairies. A train of twenty wagons,

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