Page:The Scientific Monthly vol. 3.djvu/96
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THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY
The proportion of population within the age limits 18-45 being abont 40 per cent, of the totals and about half (in Europe a little more than half) being women^ there remain one fifth men^ as already pointed out. But not all of these are available for military service. Some are physically unfit and some have to be retained at home to do the necessary work. What these exemptions amount to depends upon the physical standard adopted, and upon the requirements of home service and the ability of the non-military population to perform it. In the Confederate service at the close of the Civil War a most rigid draft was enforced. In a white population east of the Mississippi, of about 3,600,000 (Ne- groes were not taken into the service to any appreciable extent) the num- ber of exempts which had to be allowed between the ages 17 and 50 was 87,863, or about 10.3 per cent, of the male population within these
limits.
Resources in Men
Name of Country
Latest Eettnuttee of PopuUtton
18 to 46 Yean.
16 J<
17 to 60 Yean.
18.8^
ArMtnnr. 10 f
Germany
(1916) 67,812,000 (1910) 51.814,000 (1910) 20.000,000 (1914) 4.750.000
10.850.000
8,290.000
3.200.000
760.000
12.740.000
9.741,000
3.760.000
873.000
6,718,000
Austria-Hungary
Turkey
5,181.000 2.000,000
Bulgaria
475.000
Total
144,409,000
23,1000.000
27,123.000
14,374.000
Ruiwrift
(1912) 173,366,000
(1913) 46.185,000 (1911) 39,602.000
(1911) 35,239,000
(1912) 7,571,000
(1914) 4,547.000 (1914) 516.000
25.000.000
27.737.000 7.390.000 6.336.000 5.638.000 1.211.000 732.000 83.000 4.000,000
32.591.000 8.683.000 7,446.000 6,625.000 1,423,000 855,000 97,000 4,700.000
17.336.000
United Kingdom
France
Italy
4.619.000 3.960.000 3.524.000
RelgiuiT*- - , - - - T - - 1 - T - -
757.000
Servia
455.000
Montenegro
Colonies
52.000 2.500.000
Total
322.016.000
62,127,000
62.419,000
33.203.000
Roumania.
(1914) 7.508,000 (1914) 4,821.000
1,201.000 771.000
1,412.000 926.000
751,000
Greece
482.000
Total
12.333.000
19.720.000
2,338.000
1.233.000
The figures in column 2 are from the Almanach de Gotha^ except those for the Balkan States, ^hich are from the Statesman's Yearbook. They are griven to the nearest thousand only. The Belgian, Serbian and Montenegrin popula- tion is nearly all not available. The estimate for "Colonies" is purely arbi- trary, but it would be manifestly wrong to make the basis that of actual population.
For the age limits 18-45 the percentage may have been as low as ten, but this must be considered as a minimum under any circumstances. It would ordinarily be considerably higher. Most of the exempts in the Confederate service were such as were physically or mentally unfit, as negro slave labor made it unnecessary to retain many white men for work