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the appeals to vengeance and fear for the Empire showed danger of collapse; an appeal must be made to sentiments of higher grade and more stability. In the message of the Churches issuing from South Africa there was the same amount and the same sort of spontaneity as lay behind the Outlanders' petition and the other measures by which the war-spirit was stirred and maintained in England. The conviction of the British clergy and missionaries in South Africa that the war was just and necessary was quite genuine (why should it be otherwise?); and their conviction of its utility was enhanced by hopes, the futility of which will presently appear, that the more liberal sentiments of the British Isles towards the natives (dubbed 'Exeter Hall' by Dutch and British colonists alike) would prevail in a settlement whereby the Imperial power would be substituted for the power of local parliaments in dealing with the natives. The capitalists who had actually announced their intention of forcing native labour by hut and labour taxes, drastic pass laws, and other coercive methods, were glad to utilize the blessing of the Churches; and their politicians and their press transmitted this clerical approval, and circulated it throughout the length and breadth