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Abul 17 Abul together, they are called the two Saduks. He is also the author of the Kitab-ul-Mawan's, a treatise on the law of inheritance. Abul-Hasan 'Ali, ^>j*^ i^. i^'^fy.}, the son of Sultan Mas'ud I, ascended the throne at Ghaznf, on Fridayj 29th December, 1049 A. D., 1st Sha'ban, 441 A. H., reigned little more than two years, and was deposed by his brother 'Abdur-Kashi'd in 1052 A. D., 443 A. H. Abul-Hasan Ash'ari, (Arabic characters), son of Isma'il. He was a Mu'tazilite, but afterwards became a Sunni. He is the author of nearly 400 works. He died in the year 936 A. D., 324 A. H. Abul-Hasan Jurjani, tj^^^tr^ a celebrated lawyer, a native of Jurj an or Georgia. Vide Jurjani. Abul-Hasan Khan, ii)^ (iT^I (Mirza) Persian ambassador to the British Court in 1809 and 1819. He is the author of a work called " Hairat-nama," or book of wonders, which title was given by it by Fath 'AH Shah, king of Persia. It contains a long account of the Khan's travels in India, Turkey, Eussia, England, &c. Abul-Hasan Kutb-Shah, V^' i^r^^Ji^, whose original name was Tana Shah, was the son-in-law of 'Abdullah Kutb-Shah, after whose demise, about the year 1672 A. D., 1083 A.H., he succeeded to the throne of Golkonda in Haidarabad, Dakhin. This place was con- quered by 'Alamgir, after a siege of seven months, on the 22nd of September, 1687 A. D., 24th Zil-ka'da, 1098 A. H., and Abul-Hasan was taken prisoner and confined for life in the citadel of Daulatabad. Golkonda was then reduced to a province of the empire of Hindustan. Abul-Hasan died in confinement about the year 1700 A. D., 1112 A. H. He was the last Sultan of the Kutb-shahi dynasty. Abul-Hasan Razin bin-Mu'awiya al-'Abdari, (Arabic characters), author of a coUec- tion of traditions bearing the same title as the one written by Baghawi, namely " Jami' baina-l-Sahfhain." It comprises the works of Al-Bukhari and Muslim, the Muwatta of Malik ibn-Aus, the Jami'-ut-Tirmizi, and the Sunans of Abu- Daud, and Al-Nasai. He died in 1126 A. D., 520 A. H. Abul-Hasan, lt-^s^I^jI JS^-^, (Shah) son of the famous Shah Tahir of Ahmadnagar in the Dakhin, and minister of 'AU'Adil Shah I, about the year 1572 A. D., 980 A. H. Abul-Hasan, the son of I'timad-ud-daula, prime minister of the emperor Jahangir, had three daughters, viz., Arjmand Banu, also called Mumtaz-Mahall, married to the em- peror Shah Jahan ; Sultan Zamania, the second daughter, was married to Sultan Parwiz ; and the third Badr-uzza- mania to Shah 'Abdul-Latif, the spiritual guide of the emperor 'Alamgir. Vide Asaf Khan. Abul-Hasan Turbati, entitled Eukn-us- Saltanat, an Amir who held the rank of 5,000 in the reign of the emperor Jahangir, and died in the sixth year of Shah Jahan, A. D. 1632, 1042 A. H., aged 70 years. Abul-Hunain Ahmad bin->Ali al-Najashi, author of a biographical work entitled " Kitab-ur-Rijal", comprising the lives of eminent Shf as. Naj^ishi died in A. H. 405 (1014 A. D.). Abul-Husain bin-Abu-Ya'la al-Farra, ls^^^'cj^ ^jju^ar'l^t^ (Kazf), author of the Tabakat-ul-Hanbaliya, which comprises the lives of the most famous lawyers of the sect of Ibn-Hanbal ; it was commenced by our author, continued by Shaikh Zain-uddin 'Abdur-Rahm&n bin- Ahmad, commonly called Ibn-Rajab, and concluded by Yusuf bin-Hasan al-Mukaddasi : these three writers died respectively in 1131, 1392, and 1466 A. D., 526, 795, and 871 H. Abul-Husain Eharkani, cf^'l>^ i^^r^^y^, author of the " Sharh-i-Makhzan-ul-Asrar," and " Mir-at-ul-Mu- hakkikin," containing an explanation of the ceremonies used on the induction of a Sufi, and the rules of the order. He died A. D. 986, 376 A. H.

Abul-Husain »Ali bin-'Umar al-Darkutni, (Arabic characters) , a Sunni traditionist, whose col- lection of traditions, like those of Abii-Bakr Ahmad-bin-al- Husain al-Baihaki, are of the highest authority. He died in 995 A. D., 385 A. H. Abul-Husain Zarrin, vide Abu-Husain Zarrin. Abul-Kasim al-Sahrawi, lsjI;^^ ^-.tfi.'l^Jt called in Lempriere's English Biographical Dictionary " Alsaha- ravius", an Arabian physician who lived about the year 1085, 478 A. H., and is the author of the "AI-Tasrif," a treatise in 32 books on medical practice. Abul-Kasim Namakin, i^f^'i a Sayyid of Hirat, served with distinction under Akbar and J ahangfr, and became a rich landowner in Bhakar in Sindh. He built the great mosque in Sukhar. His descendants served under Shahjahan, 'Alamgir, and Farruk-siyar. Vide Ain Translation I, p. 470.] Abul-Kasim Nishapuri, LSJ^i^ (♦•"^•'l^t, author of a Persian work on Ethics, called " Ganj-i-Ganj'," and of another work, entitled " Hulyat-ul-Muttakin." Abul-Kasim 'AbduUah, f^^'^iiy., sonofMu- hammad Baghawi, author of the book called Mu'jam, and several other works. He died in the year A. D. 929, 317 A. H, Abul-Kasim Isma'il bin-' Abbad, Ji*^!,^^^^!^!, wazir of the Boyide prince Fakhr-ud-daula. One of the most splendid libraries ever collected by a private indi- vidual in the East was that of this nobleman. Ibn-Asir relates that four hundred camels were required to remove the books. Abul-Kasim Mirza, son of Kamran Mirza, brother of the emperor Hmnayun. In the year 1557 A. D., 964 A. H., he was confined in the fort of Gwaliar by the emperor Akbar, who, when going to punish IQian- Zaman, ordered bim to be murdered. Abul-Kasim, ts^li" Kahi, of Isfahan, though it is usually said that he was of Kabul. He died at Agra. Vide Kasim-i-Kahf. Abul-Kasim, iJ-==^^ of Hilla, commonly called Shaikh Muaj'yad, author of the " Sharai'-ul-Islam", a treatise on lawful and forbidden things. This book is of great authority amongst the Muhammadans professing Shi'a doctrines. He is also called Shaikh Najm-uddin Abul-Kasim Ja'far bin-Muayyad. He died A. D. 1277, 676 A.'H. Abul-Kasim 'UbaiduUah bin-' Abdullah bin-Khurdadbih, died A. H., 300, A. D. 912. He is best known as Ibn- Khukdadbih. He wrote the " Kitab-ul-Masalik wal- Mamalik," the 'Book of Eoads and Kingdoms.' Vide Khurdadbih, and Dowson I, p. 12.] Abul-Khair, LS^jjb^ ^)l_yo^ Maulana, of Khwa- razm, a physician and poet whose poetical name was 'Ashik. From his native country he went to Hu-at in the latter part of the reign of Sultan Husain Mhza, and was there tiU Muhammad Shaiban'i, commonly called Shahi Beg Khan Uzbak, conquered that province, and took him to Mawaran-nahr, or Transoxiana, where he died in 1560 A. D., 957 A. H. The chronogram of the year of his death is " Faut-i-'Ashik," the deatii of 'Ashik.