Page:The Oriental Biographical Dictionary.djvu/25

Abu 13 Abu Abu-Hafs al-Bukhari, ^sj^ kjo-'as^ a mufti of Bukhara, and a very rigid iMusalman. He was surnamed Al-Kabi'r, the Great, to distinguish him from liis son, who was surnamed Al-Saghir, the Little, or the Younger, and was also a learned teacher, but not so famous as his father. Abu-Hafs Haddad, 'Amr, son of Salama, of Nishapur, a saint, who died in 264 A. H,] Abu-Hafs 'Umar, j^c ijaS^y,]^ son of Ahmad, author of 330 works, among which are " Targhfb and Tafsii-" and " Masnad". He died in 995 A. D., 385 A. H. Abu-Hafs 'Umar al-Qhazaawi, t^yy^h u^.^y, (jJiiJl^l^^wj^ surnamed Siraj-uddin, a follower of Abti-Ha- nifa, and author of the Arabic work called " Zubdat-ul- Ahkam", which expounds the practical statutes of the different doctrines of the four Sunni sects. He died in 1371 A. D., 773 A. H. Abu-Ha'mid (Imam), (Arabic characters) son of Muhammad, surnamed Gliazzalf. He is the author of the Arabic work on theology, called "Ihyau-'ulum- id-dfn" and of many other works. He died in 1111 A. D., 505 A. H. Vide Ghazzali. Abu-Hamza bin-Nasr al-Ansari, ^JJLa.)!i] jy^i (^j iy*-^ surnamed Aus bin-Malik, was one of the six authors most approved for Muhammadan traditions. He died at Basra, in the year 710 A. D., 91 A. H., aged 103 years, after having begot 100 children. He was the last that was styled Sahaba, that is to say, friends, companions, and contemporaries of Muhammad. Abu-Hanifa (Imam), &su}s^ jj |*U|^ surnamed Al-Nu'- man Kufi, the son of Sabit, a celebrated lawyer among the Musalmans, v/as born at Kufa in the year 699 A. D., 80 A.H., and is said to have been a descendant of the Persian king Nausherwan the J ust. Though he was imprisoned at Bagh- dad by the khalifa Al-Mansur for denying the doctrines of predestination, and died in his confinement, yet his learning, his virtues, and moderation found partizans in the East, and 335 years after his decease, Sultan Malik- shah Saljuki erected a mausoleum in the city of Baghdad, where his remains were deposited. There were not wanting enthusiasts who declared that his name was men- tioned in the Old Testament, and that his birth had been foretold as well as that of the prophet. He died in the year 767 A. D., 150 A. H., aged 70 lunar years. He was the founder of the first of the four chief sects of Srmnis, and the principal of the Mivjtahid Imams, who looked to the kiyas as the main authoritj' upon which to base deci- sions. At the period of his birth, four, or as some authors say, six of the companions of the Prophet, were still living. Vide Hanifa (Imam). Abu-Hatim, f*'^^J-iK ^ c^^^^rated Musalman lawyer. Vide Hatim, sm-named Al-Asamm. Abu-Huraira, ij^j^^ ^t,that is "father of the kitten," so nicknamed by Muhammad, because of his fondness for a cat which he always carried about with him. He was so constantly called by this name, that his true name is not known, nor his pedigree. He was such a constant attendant upon Muhammad, that a great many traditions go under his name ; so many, indeed, that the multitude of them make people suspect them. Nevertheless, others receive them without hesitation as of undoubted authority. He was Kazi of Mecca in the time of 'Usman. He died in the year 679 A. D., 59 A. H. Abu Husain Zarrin, ujJjj (^j-~.^_jJt,ofHirat, and master of Abii-' Abdullah Maghribf. He died at the age of 120. Abu-Ibrahim IsmaU,ij5i>*^'(^'=" (^^MyJ ji^, son of Yahya al-Mazani, a distinguished disciple of Imam Shafi'i, and author of the " Jami' Saghir" and other works. He died in the year 878 A. D., 264 A. H. He was the most celebrated amongst Shafi'i' s followers for his acquaintance with the legal system and jui-idical deci- sions of his preceptor, and for his knowledge of the tradi- tions. Amongst other works, he wrote the " Mukhtasir," the "Mansur", the "Rasail-ul-Mu'tabira" and the "Kitab- ul-Wasaik." The Mukhtasir is the basis of all the treatises composed on the legal doctrines of Shafi'i, who himself entitled Al-Mazani "the champion" of his doctrine. Abu-l£-h.ak, son of Alptigfn, independent governor of Ghazni. Abu-Is-hak handed over the reigns of the gov- ernment to Subuktigfn, who on Is-hak's death in A. D. 977, A. H. 367, usurped the throne] Abu-Is-hak, (jJ j^s^'"! the son of Muhammad, an inhabitant of Syria, who wrote an excellent commentary to Mutanabbi. He died in 1049 A. D., 441 A. H. Abu-Is-hak Ahmad, i>.«.s»| or Abul-Is-hak Ibrahim bin-Ismail, author of the " Kisas-ul-Anbiya" which contains an account of the creation of the world, and a history of all the prophets preceding Muhammad ; also the history of Muhammad till the battle of Uhud, A. D. 623. He died in 1036 A. D., 427 A. H. Abu-Is-hak al-Kaziruni, ,^j_j;3^-'l (J^*"' y), a Mu- hammadan saint who, they say, lighted a lamp in the mosque of the college called " Takht Siraj," which continued burning for four hundi-ed years till the time of Bin-Kasim.

Abu-Is-hak Hallaj, (Arabic characters) generaUy called " Bus-hak At'ima", a poet and cotton-thrasher, who never wrote a verse without mentioning in it the name of a dish; consequently they gave him the name of At'ima, i. e. meals. His poetical name is Bus-hak. He lived in the time of Sikandar son of 'Umar Shaikh ; "oide Is-liak. Abu-Is-hak Isfaraini, J^j^'^ (3='"'->i', son of Mu- hammad, author of the " Jami'-ul-Jila," which refutes the doctrines of various sects. He died in 1027 A. D., 418 A. H. Abu-Is-hak Shami) of Sp-ia, a famous saint, who died on the 14th Eabi' II, 329, and lies buried at 'Akka.] Abu-Is-hak Shirazi, (3^""! j-j', author of the " Tabakat ul-Fukaha," a collection of the lives of celebrated lawyers. He died A. D. 1083, 476 A. H. Abu-Is-hak, (i^*"' ^-i^ (Shah Shaikh). His father Amir Muliammad Shah, a descendant of Khwaja 'Abdullah Ansari, was governor of Shfraz in the reign of Sultan Abii-Sa'id Khan, and was murdered during the reign of Arpa Khan in 1335 A. D., 736 ^. H. His son Amir Mas'iid, who succeeded him was also slain shortly after, when his brother Abii-Is-hak took possession of Shiraz in 1336. He reigned 18 years; but when Amir Muhammad Muzaflfar besieged Shiraz in 1353 A. D., 754 A. H., Abu-Is-hak fled to Isfahan, where he was slain four years after, on Friday the 12th May 1357 A. D., 21st Jumada I, 758 A. H. Abu-Ismail Muhammad, •^♦^'*Jji«*-«l y, author of the history called " Tarikh Futiih-il-Sham" the conquest of Syria by the generals of 'Umar in forty -two battles, during the years 638 and 639 of the Christian Era, trans- lated and abridged from the " Tabakat Wakidi."

Abu-Ja'far, (Arabic characters) vide Al-Mansur. Abu-Ja'far Ahmad bin-Muhammad Tahawi, (Arabic characters), an inhabitant of Taha, a village in Egypt. He was a follower of the Hanafiya sect, and is the author of the commentary on the Kuran, called " Ahkam-ul- Kuran," and other works, called " Ikhtilaf-ul-'ulama", " Ma'ani-l-Asar", " Nasikh and Mansiikh", all in Arabic. He died in the year 933 A. D,, 321 A. H. He also wrote an abridgement of the Hanafi doctrines, called the " Mukhtasu- ut-Tahawi."