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Nousherwan 215 Partap place between the emperor Justinian and Nouslierwan, the latter assumed the tone of a superior. His lowest servants were treated, at the imperial court, in a manner calculated to inflame the pride, and raise the insolence of a vara and arrogant nation : and the impressions which this conduct must have made, were confirmed by the agreement of the Eoman emperor to pay 30,000 pieces of gold ; a sum which could have been of no importance to Nousherwan, but as it showed the monarch of the Western world in the rank of one of his tributaries. In a second war with the Eoman emperors Justin and Tiberius, Nou- sherwan, who though 80 years of age, still led his armies, experienced some reverses of fortune : but the persever- ance and valour of the aged sovereign were ultimately rewarded by the conquest of Dara and the plunder of Syria, 572 A. D. He died after a prosperous reign of 48 years about the year 579 A. D., and was succeeded by his Bon Hurmuz IV. Muhammad, who was born during the reign of Nou- sherwan, 571 A. D., used to boast of his fortune, in being bom when so just a king reigned. This is great praise, and from a source that cannot be suspected of flattery. ITousherwan Kirmani, ytibj't^y, an author who translated the " Ardai Viraf-nama" originally written m the Zend, into the modern Persian. Another translation was made by Zaratash Bairam in Persian prose and one in verse. This work was translated into English by Mr. J. A. Pope and published at London in 1816. See Ardai Vii'af. Nouzar, J<iy, an ancient king of Persia, vide Manlichehr. H"uzhat, "^^y, 'poetical name of Muhammad 'Azim of Damghan, a poet who is the author of a Diwan. He died in 1724 A. D., 1137 A. H. 0. Oktai Kaan or Khan, the eldest surviving son of Changez Khan whom he succeeded to the domi- nions of Tartary and Northern China, being crowned as Khakan or emperor 1227 A. D., 624 A. H. He died by excess of wine seven months after his brother Chughtai, about the month of January, 1242 A. D., 639 A. H. He was of a mild and generous disposition and governed his conquered subjects with impartiality and justice. As a warrior, he was brave, but prudent, and as a sovereio-n, equitable and benevolent. He was succeeded by his son Kayuk Khan. List of the Ehdkdns of Tartary. ,. A. D. Oktai Kaan, eldest son of Changez Khan, beo-an . . 1227 Kayuk Khan, son of Oktai Kaan 1242 Mangii Kaan, eldest son of TuH Khan .. '1243 Kablai Khan, son of Mangu Kaan, succeeded "to the kingdom of Tartary in 1259 A. D. and died in 1294 A. D. His brother Halaku Khan, after the death of his father, succeeded to the kingdom of Persia, vide Halaku Khan 1259 Oodliam Bai, (^^^ (♦*ojtj the mother of the emperor Ahmad Shah, the son of Muhammad Shah of Dehli. On the accession of her son to the throne, she received the titles of Nawab Bai, Nawab Kudsia, and Sahiba Zamani and her brother Man Khan was raised to the rank of 6000 with the title of Mo'takid-uddaula. Orkhan, o'=ti5', the son of Othman or Osman, the son of Amii- Tughi-al. After his father's death he made himself Sultan of the Turks at Brusa in 1327 A. D., 727 A. H. by the destruction of his elder brothers. He added largely to the territories of his father, and formed a body of infantry, afterwards formidable to Europe — the Yeni- chen' or Jannisan's. He died about the year 1359 A. D., 760 A. H. and was succeeded by his son Murad I (Amarath). P. Padmawati, iJ^J^-^^i, daughter of the Raja of deylon, who was carried off forcibly by Eatan Sain, Eaja of Chittour, and taken away from him by Sultan 'Ala- uddfn when he conquered Chittour about the year 1303 A. D., 703 A. H. Her story called " Kissae Padmawat," has been written in Persian poetry by Husain of Ghazni, and there is also a version in the Bhakha language in ver.se, by Malik Muhammad Jaesf. There is another in Persian prose by Eae Gobind Munshi who wrote it, in 1652 A. D., 1062 A. H., and called it " Tukfat-ul-Kulub," which is also a chronogram for that year. In the year 1796 A. D., 1211 A.H., another translation into Urdu verse was written by two poets, the first part by Mir Ziya-uddin 'Ibrat, and the last by Ghulam 'All 'Ishrat. Palas or Palash, U"^^^? (the Valens of Eoman History) succeeded his father Firoz I on the throne of Persia 484 A. D. He reigned four years, and was succeeded by his brother Kubad. Panahi, C5*^^^.^j a celebrated poet and artist, who, says 'Ashik, " broke the pencil of the Frank painters, and by painting a single rose-leaf could metamorphose Winter into Spring." Parhez Bano Begam, (Arabic characters) daughter of Shah Jahan by Kandhari Begam. She died in the year 1675 A. D., 1086 A. H. Parsaji, ty^'*^vJ ^1^° called Parsaram Bhosla, the son of Eaghoji Bhosla, succeeded his father in the government of Berar or Nagpur in March, 1816 A. D., but being an idiot, he was soon after strangled by Miidhaji surnamed 'Apa Sahib, who was acknowledged by the English. Parsaram Bhao or Bhosla, ^^-f fl/^'^^j vide Parsaji. Partap Singh, *-^^V^vJ ^^aja or Eana of Udaipur, was the son of Udai Singh, the son of Edna Sanga. Partap Singh, who is still idolized bj' his countrymen for the heroism with which he repelled the attacks of the Mughals, and preserved the germ of national independence in his wild fastnesses, reigned in 1614 A. D., and recovered the greater portion of his dominions before Akbar died. He founded the capital of Udaipur, and died in 1594 A. H. Partab 01 Partap Pal, '^^i '-^^Jiy present Eaja of Karoulf. Partap Singh, ^^JZ, eldest son of Eaja Man Singh, the son or nephew of Eaja Bhagwan Das Kachhwaha of Amber. He died before his father, and left a son named Maha Singh, the father of Mirza Eaja Jai Singh. Partap Singh, V^v) Eaja of Jaipur. He suc- ceeded his father Madho Singh in 1778 A. D., and died in 1803 A. D., when he was succeeded by his son Eajii Jagat Singh. Don Pedro de Silva was employed by Partap Singh as a physician, at the time when Colonel Poller visited Jaipur in search of the Vedas of the Hindus, about