Page:The Oriental Biographical Dictionary.djvu/13

A’azz-Uddin, (اعز الدين‎) Prince, second son of Sháh ’Alam Bahádur Sháh. He was born on the 17th Z̤í-Ḳa’da 1074 and appears to have died early.]

A’azz-uddin, (اعز الدين‎) son of Mu’izz-uddín Jahándár Sháh, emperor of Dilhí. He was blinded and imprisoned by Farrukh-siyar, in the end of 1124 H.]

Aba Bakr (Mirzá or Sultán), the son of Sháhrukh Mirzá the son of Amír Timur. He was murdered by order of his brother Mirzá Ulugh Beg, A. D. 1448 (852 A. H.)

Aba Kaan or Abka Khan or Abaka Khan, ابا قاآن‎ or ابقا خان‎, a king of Persia of the tribe of Mughuls or Tartars, and descendant of Chingiz Khán, succeeded his father Hulákú Khán in February 1265, A. D. (Rabi’-uṣ-Ṣání 663 A. H.), and was crowned on Friday the 19th June following (3rd Ramaẕan.) He was a prince who added to the qualifications of courage and wisdom those of moderation, clemency, and justice. His ambassadors were introduced in 1274 to the ecclesiastical Synod at Lyons. He proved to be a formidable neighbour to the Christians who settled at Jerusalem. The intrigues of his court embittered the latter years of his reign; and his days were believed by many to have been shortened by poison given to him by his minister Khwája Shams-uddín Muhammad, which occasioned his death on Wednesday the 1st of April 1282 A. D., (20th Z̤il-ḥijja 680 A. H.) after a reign of 17 years and some months. He had married the daughter of Michael Palæologus, emperor of Constantinople, who had been betrothed to his father, but arrived at Marágha in Tabríz, the seat of his government, after the death of that prince. Abá-ḳá-án was succeeded by his brother Nekodár, who embraced Muhammadanism, and took the title of Ahmad Khán.

’Abbas, عباس‎, the son of ’Abdul-Muṭṭalib, and uncle of the prophet Muhammad. He at first opposed the ambitious views of his nephew, but when defeated in the battle of Badr, he was reconciled to him, warmly embraced his religion, and thanked heaven for the prosperity and the grace which he enjoyed as a Musalmán. He served the cause of Muhammad at the battle of Ḥunain by recalling his dismayed troops to the charge, and inciting them boldly to rally round their prophet, who was near expiring under the scimitars of the Ṣakafites. He died on the 21st February, 653 A. D., (17th Rajab, 32 A. H.); and 100 lunar years after, Abul-’Abbás, surnamed As-Saffáḥ, one of his descendants, laid the foundation of the ’Abbásí or Abbaside family of the Caliphs in Baghdád, which continued for 524 lunar years. The tomb of ’Abbás is in Madína.

’Abbasa, عباسة‎, a sister of Hárún-ur-Rashíd, the Khalífa of Baghdád, who bestowed her hand on Ja’far Barmakí, his minister, on condition that she abstained from the marriage rights. The promise was forgotten, and the husband’s life was sacrificed by the tyrant, and ’Abbása was reduced to poverty. This circumstance took place in 803 A. D. (187 A. H.). There are still extant some Arabic verses which beautifully celebrate her love and her misfortunes. See Ja’far ul-Barmakí.

’Abbas ’Ali, عباس على‎, a physician, and one of the Persian magi, who followed the doctrines of Zoroaster. He wrote A. D. 980, a book called ‘Royal Work’, at the request of the son of the reigning Khalífa of Baghdád, to whom it was dedicated. It was translated into Latin by Stephen of Antioch in 1127 A. D.

’Abbas ’Ali (Mírzá), whose poetical name is Betáb, is the son of Nawáb Sayádat ’Ali Khán, son of Ghulám Muhammad Khán, the son of Faiz̤-ullah Khán, Nawáb of Rámpúr.

’Abbas bin-’Ali Shirwani, عباس بن على شرواني‎, author of a history, containing the narrative of Sher Sháh the Afghan, who drove Humáyún from Hindústán, A. D. 1539, and mounted the throne of Dilhí. This work was dedicated to the emperor Akbar, and is called Tuḥfa-i-Akbarsháhí. The first part of this work was translated into Urdú by Maẓhar ’Alí Khán in the time of Lord Cornwallis and is entitled ‘Taríkh-i-Sher Sháhí.’

Vide Dowson, Elliot’s History of India, IV, 301.]

’Abbas Mirza, a Persian prince, son of Fatḥ ’Alí Sháh, was born in 1783. He died in 1833. His death was a great loss to his country, although he could not prevent the encroachments of Russia. His eldest son, Muhammad Mirzá, mounted the throne in 1834, on the death of Fatḥ 'Alí, under the united protection of England and Russia.

’Abbas Mirza, عباس مرزا‎, whose title was Nawáb Iḳtidár-uddaula, was the author of a Maṣnawí in Urdú verse, containing a history of Christ. He was living in Lakhnau in 1849 A. D., and was then about eighty years of age.

’Abbas (Shah) I, عباس شاة‎, surnamed the Great, and seventh king of Persia of the Safawí family, was born on Monday the 29th of January 1571 A. D. (1st Ramaz̤án, 978 A. H.). He was proclaimed king of Persia, in his sixteenth year, by the chiefs of Khurásán, and took possession of the throne during the lifetime of his father. Sultán Sikandar Sháh, surnamed Muhammad Khudábanda, A. D. 1588, (996 A. H.). He was the first who made Iṣfahán the capital of Persia. He was brave and active, and enlarged the boundaries of his dominions. He took conjointly with the English forces, in 1622 A. D., the island of Ormus, which had been in the possession of the Portuguese for 122 years. He reigned 44 lunar years, was contemporary with Akbar and Jahángír, and died on Thursday, the 8th of January, 1629 A. D. (24th Jumádạ I, 1038 A. H.).

His grandson succeeded him and took the title of Sháh Ṣafí.

He was a bigoted Shí’a. In later histories he is generally called ماضى‎ máz̤í; vide Aín Translation, I, 445, 453.]

’Abbas (Shah) II, عباس شاة ثانى‎, great-grandson of Sháh ’Abbás I, succeeded his father Sháh Ṣafí to the throne of Persia in the month of May, 1642, A. D. (Ṣafar 1052, A. H.), when he was scarcely ten years old. Ḳandahár, which

was lost by his father, was recovered by this prince be-