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tries "belong to" some civilized State or are as yet independent countries. This fuller doctrine of the Open Door, or equality of economic opportunity, cannot, however, be applied without definite co-operative action on the part of nations and their Governments.

This needs plain recognition. For to some who have perceived the dangerous diplomatic emergencies arising from the support given by Governments to the private business ventures of their nationals it has appeared the easiest escape to advocate a doctrine of mere political disinterestedness. Let Governments give their traders, investors, and financiers, to understand that, while they are at liberty to enter any business relations they like with the members or the Governments of other nations, they are not empowered to call upon their Government for assistance, either in establishing or pushing such business, or in redressing any injuries which may be done to them or their property interests. Such business, unauthorized by Government