Page:The Journal of geology (IA journalofgeology21894univers).pdf/419

1861, by the statement of the elder Hitchcock that such is the structure. Numerous sections across the range are given in which its anticlinal nature is brought out. Much evidence is adduced in the text pointing to the same conclusion based mainly on the occurence of a quartzite and conglomerate on both sides of the range associated with limestones. Edward Hitchcock, in 1847, had published sections which represented the range as an anticline slightly inverted by overturning towards the west. Adams, in 1845, had somewhat disconnectedly stated that the "granular quartz-rock" of the Taconic had an inverted dip,^[1] but did not include in the Taconic rocks east of the quartz rock.

In all, the geology of Vermont (1861), contains twelve sections east and west across the State. Of these, eleven traverse the Green Mountain gneiss; the four southern ones show several synclines and anticlines in the gneiss; section V, one broad anticline; sections VI, VII, and VIII represent the anticline overturned to the west; and in sections IX, X, X^a, and XI the gneiss is given a simple anticlinal structure. On the west side of the range, in all sections except the fifth, the quartz rock is given an easterly dip of varying angle due to inversion. With one exception, at North Bennington, where the quartzite dips easterly at an angle of 5° to 20°, nearly in the position it was laid down, the writer has not seen an easterly dip in the rock along this belt as far north as Pittsford. The rock is usually quite massive and flinty, and bedding is not discernible. An easterly-dipping jointing is easily mistaken for stratification. Rocks immediately below have a lamination that dips easterly at a high angle, and the inversion argued is based largely upon observation on this structure; the coincidence of lamination and bedding along the western border has already been spoken of as the probable reason of the elder Hitchcock's accurate decipherment, in 1847, of the real altitude of the main axis of the mountains in Massachusetts. In 1868 the younger Hitchcock reiterated the interpretation