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Arkansas by the closely related species Goniatites globulosus Meek and Worthen.

Orthoceras rushense McChesney, is found in both areas; the Endolobus is possibly the same in both, or closely related; Euomphalus subquadratus Meek and Worthen, is common to both; Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen, is found in both areas; Pleurophorus sp. is probably the same in both regions.

Nearly all the Upper Carboniferous species of Texas and Arkansas are also found in Illinois, Iowa, etc., in beds that have never been thought to be other than Coal Measures. We are therefore safe in concluding, that while some of the beds in western Arkansas are very high up in the Coal Measures, none that belong above them are as yet certainly known, and the Poteau mountain syncline, across the line in Indian Territory, is the only place where there is any likelihood of finding Permian deposits.

The Lo-ping fauna.—The descriptions of the fossils of the Lo-ping district of China, by Professor E. Kayser,^[1] throw great light on the relations of the American Carboniferous faunas to those of Asia. Near Lo-ping, in eastern China, are found in strata overlying the coal-beds, numerous marine fossils of Upper Coal Measure age. Kayser has described 55 species, 10 not specifically identified, 15 cosmopolitan species, and 11 forms that are typically American, and belong chiefly to the Upper Coal Measures.

The 15 cosmopolitan species are also nearly all found in the American Upper Coal Measures, so that of the entire Lo-ping fauna nearly all the species are either found in America, or they have their nearest relatives there. The two regions belong to the same zoölogical province, the Pacific Carboniferous sea.

Many of these species that are very common in America and Asia are unknown or rare in Europe, which fact would tend to prove a connection with Asia by water, and the separation of the European and the American Upper Coal Measure deposits by a land barrier.