Page:The Journal of geology (IA journalofgeology21894univers).pdf/153

appear, represented by the well-known refuse heaps, the kökken möddinger, where, with shells and bones of Bos primigenius and Alca impennis, are found many rude instruments of horn, bone, or stone. This culture, which did not know any other domesticated animal than the dog, is by some archeologists called mesolithic. Kökken möddinger and implements of the same type, the coast finds, are only discovered in non-deuteroglaciated places of Denmark and Sweden, which fact alone goes far to prove the assumption that the Pinus sylvestris period really is interglacial, as I have advocated above. And the molluscs in the refuse heaps on the northern shores of the Danish isles are quite the same as in the (upper) Cyprina-clay on the southern shores, which overlies the proteroglacial moraine, and is here generally ploughed out by the rather feeble margin of the deuteroglacial Baltic ice tongue. This interglacial layer contains often a stratum with fresh water molluscs and in this supramarine deposit there was found in Langeland shells of Cardium edule and Nassa reticulata, in which I cannot but see a rudimentary kökken mödding and a proof for the interglacial age of this mesolithic culture.

From Norway we have only a few finds of implements of this type, as might be expected, because the habitable coast was so greatly depressed and covered in the following deuteroglacial period. But it is reasonable to suppose that it also was inhabited by a population akin to the Danish. When the latest ice sheet pushed forward to the great mostly-submarine terminal moraine, the retreat of this population on the western foreland was intercepted, and interglacial man was obliged to adjust his mode of life somehow to Esquimau fashion. But there is no reason to think him quite exterminated here on the shore of the life-giving Atlantic. And anthropologic studies have indeed proved that on the western margin, just so far east as the deuteroglacial ice left land outside, there lives yet a brachycephalic population, while everywhere else (even in the innermost western fjords) dolichocephals and mesocephals are in great majority. This distribution of anthropological types is quite unaccountable by any other supposition than that the brachycephals are descend-