Page:The Journal of geology (IA journalofgeology21894univers).pdf/145
Also in Finland we find a terminal moraine near the south coast. But through this terminal moraine there crept out a very long Baltic ice tongue which reached down to Brandenburg and the eastern part of Schleswic. Behind the terminal moraine in Norway we find a series of lakes eroded, here as elsewhere, near the ice margin, but these lakes are rather small and have no relation to the present valleys behind. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that the inland ice did not have any very considerable thickness here when it reached this extreme limit and also that the valleys were not yet fully developed.
As in proteroglacial time, the country again sank under the ice weight and again the ice sheet retreated with the relative raising of the snowline, and advance of the sea. The retreat is near Kristiania fjord marked by three or four dicontinuous moraine lines with, in places, rather large lakes behind (Oiern, Tyrifjord, Norsjö). But in Norway—as in America—a final position was not reached before the great marginal glacier was settled in what was to become a fine row of great lake basins: Solör (filled up), Mjösen, Randsfjord, Sperillen, Kröderen, etc. This most constant phase of the deuteroglacial time deserves a particular name. I have called it the Epiglacial epoch, as it closes the great glacial series. It is parallel to the American Champlain epoch, but as American geologists (Dana especially) regard the Champlain epoch as postglacial, I have not ventured to accept the name.
In southeastern Norway we find the terminal glaciers ending in the greatest lake basins in the country; in western and northern Norway the glaciers were, as above explained, stopped by the fjord heads. But here we also find that the glacier ends everywhere once occupied smaller but yet deep lakes, with bottoms often below the sea level, just behind the fjord heads. When we in Norway have more than 100 such lakes cut in the rock just where the glaciers terminated, I cannot see how it is possible to evade the conclusion that these lakes must be of glacial origin. It will not do to suppose that this coincidence of so many lakes and glacier ends is the merest accident. The relation must needs be genetic. The form of the lakes is the typical trough with a longi-