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CHEMICAL RELATION OF IRON AND MANGANESE.
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about most easily at high temperatures. It has also been noted that when manganese, in the form of the alloys spiegeleisen and ferro-manganese, is added to molten steel, it bodily removes a part of the sulphur; and it is thought by some metallurgists, that sulphide of manganese is formed and carried into the slag.

These and other indications of the more easy transition of manganese into the form of sulphide at high rather than at low temperatures afford another cause which might prevent sulphide of manganese from being formed in sedimentary deposits, for such deposits are usually laid down at ordinary temperatures. On the other hand, they also afford a cause which might lead to the deposition of the sulphide of manganese in certain metalliferous veins and other deposits, where the temperature at the time of deposition may have been high.

In many of the silver and lead deposits of the Rocky Mountains manganese oxides occur with the superficial oxidation products of the sulphides of other metals, and it has often been suggested that the manganese also was originally in the form of sulphide. This may be true in some cases, for alabandite has been found in a few metalliferous deposits in Colorado, Mexico, Germany, Peru and elsewhere, but in most cases, at least in the Rocky Mountains, when the level is reached at which the oxidized forms of lead, zinc, iron and other metals pass into sulphides, the manganese passes into carbonate or silicate, and remains in one or both of those forms to all depths that have been reached.

In the deposition of iron and manganese as sulphide, therefore, there is a most marked difference of behavior, and here again is a good cause for the separation of the two substances in sedimentary rocks, as will be more fully explained below.

Iron is often deposited in sedimentary formations as the hydrous silicate of iron and potash known as glauconite, and composes the mass of the large greensand beds common in Cretaceous and Tertiary strata; but manganese is not found in an exactly similar condition.[1] Here again, therefore, is an import-

  1. ↑ Manganese occurs in various hydro-silicates, but they do not appear to be deposited as sedimentary strata in the same manner as glauconite.
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