Page:The Esperanto Teacher.pdf/108

negatives the whole sentence. Study the effect of placing ne in different positions in the sentence Mi deziras vidi Johanon kaj lian fraton, I wish to see John and his brother:—

(i.). Mi ne deziras vidi Johanon kaj lian fraton, I do not wish to see John and his brother.

(ii.). Mi deziras ne vidi Johanon kaj lian fraton, I wish not to see John and his brother, i.e., I wish to avoid seeing them.

(iii.). Mi deziras vidi ne Johanon, sed lian fraton, I wish to see not John, but his brother.

(iv.). Mi deziras vidi Johanon kaj ne lian fraton, I wish to see John and not his brother.

Ne tute means “not quite,” while tute ne means “not at all.”

Jam ne means “no longer.” “Not yet” is ankoraŭ ne.

Words which are already international, such as microscope, telephone, automobile, etc., are adopted unchanged, except as to the spelling and termination, as mikroskopo, telefono, aŭtomobilo.

As already said, when an adjective or participle (or a noun) is added to the object simply as a describing word, it takes n like the object, as Li perdis sian novan libron (aŭ, sian libron novan), He lost his new book. Ŝi trankviligis la kriegantan infanon (aŭ, la infunon kriegantan), She pacified the screaming child. Li vizitis sian fraton Johanon, He visited his brother John. (“John” shows which brother).