Page:The Czechoslovak Review, vol4, 1920.pdf/214

77. The government may ask the chamber of deputies to vote its confidence. This motion shall be acted upon without reference to committee.

78. If the chamber of deputies declares lack of confidence in the government or if it rejects the motion of government for a vote of confidence, the government shall hand its resignation to the president of the Republic who will select the persons who are to carry on the affairs of state, until a new government is formed.

If the government resigns at a time, when there is neither president nor acting president, the commission provided for in section 54 accepts the resignation and takes steps to have the administration carried on.

79. If the president or members of the government violate fundamental or other laws by their official acts either intentionally or from gross negligence, they are responsible criminally.

Right to impeach belongs to the chamber of deputies, and the trial is held before the senate.

Details are regulated by law.

80. The government acts as a college which is competent to take action only in the presence of the president or acting president and a majority of the ministers.

81. The government decides corporatively in particular:

a) government measures for the National Assembly, government ordinances (section 84), and recommendations to the president of the Republic to make use of the power given him by section 74;

b) all matters of a political nature;

c) appointment of judges and civil officials of the eighth and higher ranks, as far as this appertains to the central authorities, and nominations of functionaries who are appointed by the president of the Republic (section 64, paragraph 8).

82. The president of the Republic may attend and preside over the meetings o the government; he may require of the government and its members written opinion of any matter relating to the duties of their office.

83. The president of the Republic may invite the government or its members for consultation.

84. Every government ordinance shall be signed by the president of the government or the acting president, and also by ministers charged with its execution, and in no case less than half the ministers.

85. The jurisdiction of the ministries is regulated by law.

86. In the lower state administrative offices the citizen element shall be, as far as possible, represented, and the protection of the rights and interests of the citizens (administrative judicature) shall be effectively provided.

87. No one may be at the same time an elected member of an inferior administrative organ and also of an organ that is superior or exercises supervision over the former.

Exceptions may be made by law.

88. Judicial protection against administrative organs shall be provided by the supreme administrative court, composed of independent judges, with jurisdiction over the territory of the entire Republic.

Details are regulated by law.

89. The nature and authority of the inferior organs of state administration is settled in principle by law which may leave details to government ordinances.

90. State organs which are entrusted with economic functions only, without exercising the sovereign authority of the state, are created and organized by ordinances.

91. The nature and authority of autonomous organs is regulated by special law.

92. The law determines, to what extent the state shall be responsible for illegal execution of governmental authority.

93. Public employees shall in their official acts observe fundamental and other laws. This applies also to citizen members of administrative colleges.

94. The judicial power is exercised by state courts; the law prescribes their organization, their jurisdiction and their procedure.

No one may be sent before any other judge but the one who has jurisdiction by law.

Only in criminal matters extraordinary courts may be introduced, and then in cases prescribed by law in advance and for a limited period.

95. Judicial power in civil cases belongs to civil courts, either regular or special and arbitration courts; judicial power in crim-