Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 01.djvu/218

BARNARD, John, clergyman, was born in Boston, Mass., Nov. 6, 1681. His parents caused him to be baptized on the day of his birth and educated him for the ministry. He entered Harvard college in July, 1696, taking his degree in 1700. He studied divinity during his college course, and preached his first sermon in 1699. He began pastoral work as assistant to Dr. Coleman in Boston. In the spring of 1707 Governor Dudley appointed him chaplain of one of the regiments sent to take Port Royal, Nova Scotia, then held by the French. In 1709 he sailed for Barbadoes and London, and while in England had several advantageous proposals to remain, including a chaplaincy under Lord Wharton, which he did not accept, as he could not subscribe to the thirty-nine articles of the established church. Returning to America he preached from place to place in Massachusetts, but did not settle until 1714, when he accepted a call to Marblehead. He was afterwards invited to become pastor at the old North church in Boston, but remained at Marblehead until his death. In 1742, during the theological controversy throughout the churches of New England, he declared himself as not in sympathy with Whitefield's extreme Calvinism, and he is credited with being an original Trinitarian-Congregationalist. Mr. Barnard was a man of scholarly attainments, of eloquence and magnetism, and of purity and beauty of character. Among his published writings are: "A History of the Strange Adventures of Philip Ashton" (1725); "A Version of the Psalms" (1752), and many sermons and addresses. He died at Marblehead, Mass., Jan. 24, 1770.

BARNARD, John Gross, soldier, was born at Sheffield, Mass., May 19, 1815. He was graduated from West Point in 1833, and was appointed to duty at Newport, R.I., in the engineer corps with the rank of brevet 2d lieutenant. He was afterwards engaged on fortifications at Pensacola and New Orleans and had attained a captaincy in 1848. During the Mexican war he was constructing engineer, the fortifications of Tampico being built under his direction, and he made the topographical maps of the country around the city of Mexico preparatory to its capture. For these services he received a brevet major's commission on May 30, 1848. In the Tehuantepec survey for a railroad across the isthmus in 1850 he acted as chief engineer by appointment of President Fillmore, and in 1852 he surveyed the mouths of the Mississippi river. In 1854 he was instructor of practical engineering at the military academy, of which, in 1856, he was made superintendent. He was afterwards given charge of the defences of New York city. In 1858 he was promoted major of engineers. In 1861 he was appointed chief engineer of defences of Washington and afterwards of the army of the Potomac, serving thus until 1864, when he was placed on General Grant's staff and given the management of the engineering department of the entire army. On March 31, 1863, he was promoted lieutenant-colonel of engineers, and at the close of the civil war he was made colonel of engineers, and brevetted major-general U.S. army "for gallant and meritorious services in the field." He served as a member of the joint board of army and navy officers in harbor defences, torpedoes, etc., and as senior member of the board of engineers for fortifications up to the time of his death. The University of Alabama gave him the degree of A.M. in 1838, and Yale college conferred upon him that of LL.D. in 1864. Among his published works are: "Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec" (1852); "Phenomena of the Gyroscope" (1858); "Dangers and Defences of New York" (1859); "Notes on Sea- Coast Defence" (1861); "The Confederate States of America and the Battle of Bull Run" (1862); "Reports of the Engineer and Artillery Operations of the Army of the Potomac" (1863); "Eulogy on General Totten" (1866); "Report on the Defences of Washington" (1871); "The North Sea Canal of Holland and Improvement of Navigation from Rotterdam to the Sea"; "Problems of Rotary Motion presented by Gyroscope, the Precession of the Equinoxes, and the Pendulum," and numerous reports and memoirs. He died in Detroit, Mich., May 14, 1882.

BARNARD, William Stebbins, entomologist, was born at Canton, Ill., Feb. 28, 1849. He was educated at Canton high school and University of Michigan, and graduated at Cornell university (B.S.) in 1871, and at the University of Jena (Ph.D.) in 1873; also studying at the University of Leipsic. In 1871 he accompanied Agassiz to Brazil as assistant geologist. In 1874 he was teacher and lecturer on protozoa at Cornell university, and at Anderson summer school, Penikese Island. He was professor of natural science in the Mississippi agricultural college, 1874-'75; lecturer on zoology in the Illinois state summer school, 1875; professor of natural science at the Wisconsin state normal school, 1876-'77; at Oskaloosa college, 1877-'78; zoologist of the Woodruff scientific expedition, 1878; assistant professor of entomology, and lecturer on the zoology of invertebrates at Cornell university, 1879-'81; assistant in the entomological division United States department of agriculture, 1881-'86, and professor of natural history, Drake university, 1886-'87. He was the author of a "Catalogue of the Invertebrates" (1876), and a contributor to the American Quarterly Microscopical Journal, and the American Naturalist. He died Nov. 13, 1888.