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18. Abzes sachalinensis, Masters. Saghalien, Yezo, Kurile Isles. See p. 760.

Leaves long and slender, up to 1} inch, uniform in width, with a rounded and bifid apex, white beneath, seven to eight lines in each stomatic band. Shoots with prominent pulvini, and a dense short pubescence confined to the grooves. Buds small, globose, resinous.

19. Abies sibirica, Ledebour. N. E. Russia, Siberia, Turkestan. See p. 758.

Leaves long and slender, up to 14 inch, uniform in width ; apex rounded and either slightly bifid or entire; four to five lines in each stomatic band beneath. Shoots ashy grey, quite smooth, with a scattered minute pubescence. Buds small, globose, resinous.

IV. Leaves on lateral branches not pectinate above; those in the middle line covering the branchlet, and curving upwards after being appressed to the shoot for some distance at their base. The leaves are in two lateral sets on the lower side of the branchlet. Resin-canals marginal.

20. Abies nobilis, Lindley. Washington, Oregon, California. See p. 786.

Leaves above closely appressed by their bases to the branchlet, which they completely conceal ; about 1 inch long, entire at the apex, flattened, grooved on the upper surface in the middle line ; stomata usually present on both surfaces. Shoots with a dense, short brown pubescence. Terminal buds girt at the base by a ring of acute or subulately-pointed pubescent scales.

21. Abies magnifica, Murray. Oregon, California. See p. 792.

Leaves above appressed at their bases, for a short distance only, to the branchlet, which they do not completely conceal ; longer than in A. nobilis, up to 12 inch, entire at the apex, quadrangular in section, not grooved on the upper surface; stomata always present on both surfaces. Shoots and buds as in A. nobilis.

V. Leaves on lateral branches arranged in two ways, which are often observable on the same tree, and depend upon the vigour of the shoots.

22. Abies cilicica, Carriére. Asia Minor. See p. 744.

Leaves either (A) pectinate above with a V-shaped depression between the lateral sets, or (B) with the median leaves above crowded and covering the branchlet, as in A. Nordmanniana. The leaves are slender, up to 1¼ inch long, not conspicuously white below, slightly bifid at the rounded or acute apex; resin-canals marginal. Shoots smooth, with scattered short erect pubescence. Buds small, ovoid, non-resinous.

Vigorous shoots of this species resemble a weak A. Nordmanniana; but with the leaves shorter, more slender, and less white beneath, the buds being much smaller.

23. A. numidica, De Lannoy. Algeria. See p. 737.

Leaves either (A) pectinate above with a V-shaped depression; or (B)

crowded and covering the upper side of the branchlet, but different from all other species in the median leaves above, in that case, being directed backwards and not forwards. Leaves short, up to 2 inch long, broad, rounded at the entire or slightly bifid apex ; in most cases with four to six broken lines of stomata on their upper surface near the tip; resin-canals marginal. Shoots brown, shining, glabrous. Buds large, ovoid, non- resinous.