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appears between his two wives, holding the second spouse by the hand, his right hand resting upon the sword-hilt), and Trotton; 1424. Sculptured effigies are also thus represented; as remarkable examples, I may mention the effigies of Richard II. and his queen. My no less judicious than talented and accomplished friend Mr. E. Richardson discovered that this was the original attitude of the group from a close examination of the mutilated figures in Westminster Abbey; and having obtained corroborative proof of the correctness of his conjecture, he restored the cast of this fine monument in the Crystal Palace in accordance with the original design. There is one brass, and it is in every respect one of the finest in existence, which appears to be a solitary exception, commonly considered to be necessary for establishing a general rule. In this case, I refer to the rule already set forth that the costume of the period in which the brass was executed was represented on the engraven effigies. This is the memorial of Sir R. de Swynborne and his son, Sir T. de Swynborne, at Little Horkesley. The father and son severally died A.D. 1391 and A.D. 1412; and the brass (executed in 1412) represents the two knights each in the armour of his own time; and as an important change in armour was introduced in the interval between these two dates, the two effigies exhibit some points in marked contrast. Each of these effigies is surmounted by a triple canopy of the utmost grace and beauty, and the entire work, which rests on an altar- tomb, is in a rare condition of preservation.

The earliest example of a brass of which we have any record, was in the church of St. Paul at Bedford, to Earl Simon de Beauchamp, who died before A.D. 1208; this memorial, now long lost, consisted of a border inscription, with probably a cross. The earliest brass of