Page:Statesman's Year-Book 1899 American Edition.djvu/867

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AREA AND POPULATION
511


Departments Area : English sq. miles Population Population per sq. mile. 1896
April, 1891 April, 1896
Seine-et-Oise 2,164 628,590 669,098 309.2
Sevres (Deux) 2,317 354,282 346,694 149.6
Somme 2,379 546,495 543,279 228.3
Tarn 2,217 346,739 339,827 153.3
Tarn-et-Garoniic 1,436 206,596 200,390 139.5
Var 2,349 288,336 309,191 131.6
Yauclusc 1,370 235,411 236,313 172.5
Vendée 2,588 442,355 441,735 170.6
Vienne 2,691 344,355 338,114 125.6
Vienne (Haute-) 2,130 372,878 375,724 176.4
Vosges 2,266 410,196 421,412 186.0
Yonne 2,868 344,688 332,656 115.9
Total 204,092 38,342,948 38,517,975 188.7

The population actually present at the date of the Census in 1886 was 37,886,566, and in 1891, 38,133,385. Of the total population present in 1891, 18,932,354 (49.65 per cent.) were males, and 19,201,031 (50-35 per cent.) females.

It will be seen that between 1891 and 1896 there has been a decrease of population in 63 departments, and an increase in 24 the total net increase being 175,027.

Notwithstanding a moderate death-rate, the population of France increases more slowly than that of most States of Western Europe, owing to the low rate of births. Between the years 1811 and 1820 the average annual surplus of births over deaths was 5-7 per thousand of population ; between 1851 and 1860 it was 2.9; and between 1881 and 1885 it was 1-6. The average number of births per marriage was (1881-85) about 3; in 1891 it was 2.1.

The changes of area and population since 1801 (date of the first census taken) are seen from the following table. The third, fourth, and fifth columns give [in brackets] for the first five censuses the population, its density, and its average annual increase on the present territory of France, and are thus comparable with the data for the censuses posterior to the loss of Alsace and Lorraine.

Dates

Area : sq. miles

Population

Inhabitants per sq. mile

Annual Increase per 10,000 inhabits.

1801

204,765

27,349,00.3

134

_

[26,930,750]

[132]

1821

30,461,875

140

57

[20,871,176]

[146]

[55] |- |1841||—||34,230,178||167||62 |- | || ||[33,400,864]||[164]||[68] |- |1861||209,625||37,386,313||178||37 |- | || ||[35,844,002]||[176]||[36] |- |1866||—||38,067,064||182||40 |- | || ||[36,495,480]||[179]||[36] |- |1872||204,092||36,102,921||177||[-17]1 |- |1876||—||36,905,788||181||54 |- |1881||—||37,672,048||184||41 |- |1886||—||38,218,903||187||29 |- |1891||—||38,342,948||18.-8||6.5 |- |1896||—||38,517,975||188.7||4.5 |} 1 Decrease.