Page:Sewell Indian chronography.pdf/51

that I had proved this to be correct by using Professor Jacobi's Tables. I now proceed to set forth this latter proof in Jacobi's figures, with the aid of Tables XXXIX., XL. The year is 155 B.C., and we use (Table XXXIX.) the century figures for 200 to 101 B.C. For the odd year 55 we use the figures given in Jacobi's Table 5 for 1846 (see Table XL.). And for March 2nd we use his Table 7. The year was a common one, not a leap-year.

These results are exactly the same as those obtained by my own method (founded, as stated in § 83, on Professor Jacobi's data), which are thus proved correct. The day of the week can be further proved by reference to Table XLI. A, B.

85E. Table XXXIX. can be carried back to any distance of time by adding for every century the differences of ${\displaystyle a}$, ${\displaystyle b}$ and ${\displaystyle c}$ (respectively per century 1468.7, 450, and 2.4) to the figures for 500–401 B.C.; which figures, calculating those for the last century of the Julian Calendar given by Jacobi, viz.: A.D. 1501–1600, as whole figures, are themselves whole figures, i.e., without decimals.

86 A tithi on which the sun does not rise is expunged. A tithi on which the sun rises twice is The first is called a kshaya tithi, "diminished" or "lost." The second is called an adhika, "added," tithi. In the case of a kshaya tithi the day on which it begins and ends is its week-day. In the case of an adhika tithi both the days at whose sunrise it is current are its week-days. Turning to the Pañchāṅg, or almanack, extract given on pp. 14, 15 of the Indian Calendar, we see that the 7th tithi of the dark half of the month was kshaya. It began and ended on Friday, and therefore that Friday is its week-day. The 13th tithi of the bright half was adhika. It was current at sunrise on both Wednesday and Thursday, and both Wednesday and Thursday were its week-days.

A full description of these tithis is given in § 32, pp. 17, 18, of the Ind. Cal. (See also § 142, p. 78, and below, Hints 16.) 87. But this rule appears to me to require a little more comment than has hitherto been bestowed upon it. Professor Jacobi (Ind. Ant. XVII., 146, Epig. Ind. I., 405) explained the matter more fully, and in my opinion better, than we did in the Indian Calendar, but the explanation still needs some slight expansion to ensure its being thoroughly understood. It might be imagined, from the expressions "repeated" and "expunged" with reference to a tithi, that the tithi itself is repeated or expunged, but this is not the case. For instance, in the Pañchāṅg extract above alluded to it will be noticed that in the first half of the month under consideration there were 16 civil days, and in the second half only 14 civil days, or rather there were 16 sunrises in the first half and 14 in the second. But that does not mean that there were 16 tithis in the first half and 14 tithis in the second. The tithis follow one another in regular order. The repetition or expunction of a tithi is only with reference to the number given to the civil day. The practice of the Hindū calendar as regulated by true time has always been to give to each civil day the number of the tithi current at sunrise, the civil day being measured from sunrise to sunrise. But if a tithi, in consequence of its length being greater than that of the interval between the sunrises and of its commencement occurring very shortly before the first sunrise, is current at two successive sunrises, then, having been current at the first, it gives its name and number to the first of the civil days concerned; and having been current at, or ending after, the second, it also gives its name