Page:Sewell Dikshit The Indian Calendar (1896) proc.djvu/93

Answer.—Saturday 20th Chiṅgam. This is the 12th month of the North Malayâḷam Âṇḍu which begins with Kanni. The year therefore is 1023.

If the date required had been in South Malayâḷam reckoning, the date would be the same, 20th Chiṅgam, but as the South Malayâḷis begin the year with Chiṅgam as the first month, the required South Malayâḷam year would be Âṇḍu 1024.

139. To calculate the week-day. the equivalent date A.D., and the moment of beginning or ending of a tithi. Given a Hindu year, month, and tithi.—Turn the given year into a Chaitrâdi Kali, Śaka, or Vikrama year, and the given month into an amânta month (if they are not already so) and find the corresponding year A.D., by the aid of columns 1 to 5^[1] of Table I., and Table II., Parts i., ii., iii. Referring to Table I., carry the eye along the line of the Chaitrâdi year so found, and write down^[2] in a horizontal line the following five quantities corresponding to the day of commencement (Chaitra śukla pratipadâ) of that Chaitrâdi-year, viz., (${\displaystyle d}$) the date-indicator given in brackets after the day and month A.D. (Table I., col. 19), (${\displaystyle w}$) the week-day number (col. 20), and (${\displaystyle a}$), (${\displaystyle b}$), (${\displaystyle c}$) (cols. 23, 24, 25). Find the number of tithis which have intervened between the initial day of the year (Chaitra śukla pratipadâ), and the given tithi, by adding together the number of tithis (collective duration) up to the end of the month previous to the given one (col. 3, Table III.), and the number of elapsed tithis of the given month (that is the serial number of the given tithi reduced by one), taking into account the extra 15 days of the śukla paksha if the tithi belongs to the kṛishṇa paksha, and also the intervening intercalary month,^[3] if any, given in col. 8 (or 8a) of Table I. This would give the result in tithis. But days, not tithis, are required. To reduce the tithis to days, reduce the sum of the tithis by its 60th part,^[4] taking fractions larger than a half as one, and neglecting half or less The result is the (${\displaystyle d}$), the approximate number of days which have intervened since the initial day of the Hindu year. Write this number under head (${\displaystyle d}$), and write under their respective heads, the (${\displaystyle w}$), (${\displaystyle a}$), (${\displaystyle b}$), (${\displaystyle c}$) for that number of days from Table IV. Add together the two lines of five quantities, but in the case of (${\displaystyle w}$) divide the result by 7 and write only the remainder, in the case of (${\displaystyle a}$) write only the remainder under 10000, and in the case of (${\displaystyle b}$) and (${\displaystyle c}$) only the remainder under 1000.^[5] Find separately the equations to arguments (${\displaystyle b}$) and (${\displaystyle c}$) in Tables VI. and VII. respectively, and add them to the total under (${\displaystyle a}$). The sum (${\displaystyle t}$) is the tithi-index, which, by cols. 2 and 3 of Table VIII., will indicate the tithi current at mean sunrise on the week-day found under (${\displaystyle w}$). If the number of the tithi so indicated is not the same as that of the given one, but is greater or less by one (or by two in rare cases), subtract one (or two) from, or add