Page:Sewell Dikshit The Indian Calendar (1896) proc.djvu/79

(2) For finding the samvatsara of the sixty-year cycle of Jupiter, whether in the southern (luni-solar) or northern (mean-sign) scheme, and of the twelve-year cycle of Jupiter, corresponding to the beginning of a solar (Meshâdi) year, or for any day of such a year.

(3) For finding the added or suppressed months, if any, in any year.

But the chief and most important use of them are;

(4) The conversion of any Indian date—luni-solar (tithi) or solar—into the corresponding date A.D. and vice versâ, from A.D. 300 to 1900, and finding the week-day of any such date;

(5) Finding the karaṇa. nakshatra, and yoga for any moment of any Indian or European date, and thereby verifying any given Indian date;

(6) Turning a Hindu solar date into a luni-solar date, and vice versâ.

(7) Conversion of a Muhammadan Hijra date into the corresponding date A.D., and vice versâ. This is fully explained in Part V. below.

119. (1) For the first purpose Table I., cols, 1 to 5. or Table II., must be used, with the explanation given in Part III. above. For eras not noted in these two Tables see the description of them given in Art. 71. In the case of obscure eras whose exact nature is not yet well known, the results will only be approximate.

(N.B.—It will be observed that in Table II., Part ii., portions of two solar months or of four^[1] Christian months are made to correspond to a lunar month and vice versa, and therefore that if this Table only be used the results may not be exact).

The following note, though not yielding very accurate results, will be found useful for finding the corresponding parts of lunar and solar months. The tithi corresponding to the Mesha-saṅkrânti can be approximately^[2] found by comparing its English date (Table I., col. 13) with that of the luni-solar Chaitra śukla 1st (Table I., col. 19); generally the saṅkrântis from Vṛishabha to Tulâ fall in successive lunar months, either one or two tithis later than the given one. Tulâ falls about 10 tithis later in the month than Mesha; and the saṅkrântis from Vṛischika to Mîna generally fall on the same tithi as that of Tulâ. Thus, if the Mesha saṅkrânti falls on śukla pañchami (5th) the Vṛishabha saṅkrânti will fall on śukla shasṭhî (6th) or śukla saptamî (7th), the Mithuna saṅkrânti on śukla ashṭamî (8th) or navamî (9th). and so on.

120. (2) For the samvatsara of the southern sixty-year cycle see col. 6 of Table I., or calculate it by the rule given in Art. 62. For that of the sixty-year cycle of Jupiter of the mean sign system, according to Sûrya Siddhânta calculations, current at the beginning of the solar year, i.e., at the true (or apparent) Mesha saṅkrânti, see col. 7 of Table I.; and for that current on any day in the year according to either the Sûrya or Ârya Siddhântas, use the rules in Art. 59. To find the samvatsara of the twelve-year cycle of the mean-sign system corresponding to that of the Jupiter sixty-year cycle see Table XII.

121. (2) To find the added or suppressed month according to the Sûrya Siddhânta by the true (apparent) system see col. 8 of Table I. throughout; and for an added month of the mean system according to either the Original or Present Sûrya Siddhântas, or by theÂrya Siddhântas, see col. 8a of Table I. for any year from A. D. 300 to 1100.

122. (4) For conversion of an Indian date into a date A.D. and vice versâ, and to find the week day of any given date, we give below three methods, with rules and examples for work.

123. The first method A (Arts. 135, 136), the invention of Mr. T. Lakshmiah Naidu of