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earlier era begins, add to the given Chaitrâdi or Meshâdi year the first, otherwise the second, of the double figures given under the heading of the earlier era along the line of the year 0 of the Chaitrâdi or Meshâdi era given.

Examples. (1) To turn Bhâdrapada kṛishṇa 30th of the Śaka year 1699 into the corresponding Kârttikâdi Vikrama year. The year is (1699 + 134 =) 1833 of the Kârttikâdi Vikrama era. The day and month are the same. (2) To turn the same Bhâdrapada kṛishṇa 30th, Śaka 1699, into the corresponding Âshâḍhâdi Vikrama year. The year is (1699 + 135 =) 1834 of the Âshâḍhâdi Vikrama era. The day and month are the same.

(b) For a later era. When the given day falls between the first moment of Chaitra or Mesha and the first moment of the month in which, as shown by the heading, the later era begins, subtract from the given year the number under the heading of the given Chaitrâdi or Meshâdi era along the line of the year 0/1 of the given later era; in the reverse case subtract that number reduced by one.

Examples. (1) To turn the 20th day of Siṁha Śaka 1727 current into the corresponding North Malayâḷam Kollam Âṇḍu date. The day and month are the same. The era is a Kanyâdi era, and therefore the required year is (1727 − 748 =) 979 of the required era. (2) To turn the 20th day of Siṁha Śaka 1727 current into the corresponding South Malayâḷam (Tinnevelly) Kollam Âṇḍu date. The day and month are the same. The era is Siṁhâdi, and therefore the required year is (1727 − 747 =) 980 of the required era.

III. Rule for turning a year of one Chaitrâdi or Meshâdi era into one of another Chaitrâdi or Meshâdi era. This is obviously so simple that no explanations or examples are required.

IV. Rule for turning a year of a non-Chaitrâdi or non-Meshâdi era into one of another year equally non-Chaitrâdi or non-Meshâdi These are not required for our methods, but if any reader is curious he can easily do it for himself.

This Table must be used for all our three methods of conversion of dates.

105. Table III.—The numbers given in columns 3a and 10 are intended for use when calculation is made approximately by means of our method "B" (Arts. 137, 138).

It will be observed that the number of days in lunar months given in col. 3a is alternately 30 and 29; but such is not always the case in actual fact. In all the twelve months it occurs that the number of days is sometimes 29 and sometimes 30. Thus Bhâdrapada has by our Table 29 days, whereas it will be seen from the pañchâṅg extract printed in Art. 30 above that in A.D. 1894 (Śaka 1816 expired) it had 30 days.

The numbers given in col. 10 also are only approximate, as will be seen by comparing them with those given in cols. 6 to 9.

Thus all calculations made by use of cols. 3a and 10 will be sometimes wrong by a day. This is unavoidable, since the condition of things changes every year, so that no single Table can be positively accurate in this respect; but, other elements of the date being certain, calculations so made will only be wrong by one day, and if the week-day is given in the document or inscription concerned the date may be fixed with a fair pretence to accuracy. If entire accuracy is demanded, our method "C" must be followed. (See Arts. 2 and 126.)

The details in cols. 3, and 6 to 9, are exactly accurate to the unit of a pala, or 24 seconds. The figure in brackets, or week-day index (w), is the remainder after casting out sevens from the number of days; thus, casting out sevens from 30 the remainder is 2, and this is the (w) for 30. To guard against mistakes it may be mentioned that the figure "2" does not of course mean that the Mesha or Vṛishabha saṅkrânti always takes place on (2) Monday.

106. Tables IV. and V. These tables give the value of (w) (week-day) and (a) (b) and