Page:Sewell Dikshit The Indian Calendar (1896) proc.djvu/71

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THE HINDU CALENDAR.

55

used in the following manner. First find the interval in years between the given year and A.D. 496. Then take the difference given for that number of years in the Table, and subtract or add it to the moment of the Mesha-saṅkrânti fixed by us in Table 1. by the Ârya-Siddhânta, according as the given year is prior or subsequent to A.D. 496. The quotient gives the moment of the Mesha-saṅkrânti by the Sûrya-Siddhânta.

**TABLE**
**Shewing the difference between the moments of the Mesha-saṅkrânti as calculated by the Present Sûrya and the first Ârya-Siddhântas; the difference in A.D. 496 (Śaka 496 current) being 0.**
No. of years.	Difference Expressed in			No. of years.	Difference Expressed in			No. of years.	Difference Expressed in
No. of years.	gh.	pa.	minutes.	No. of years.	gh.	pa.	minutes.	No. of years.	gh.	pa.	minutes.
1	0	0.3	0.1	10	0	2.7	1.1	100	0	27.3	10.9
2	0	0.5	0.2	20	0	5.5	2.2	200	0	54.6	21.9
3	0	0.8	0.3	30	0	8.2	3.3	300	1	22.0	32.8
4	0	1.1	0.4	40	0	10.9	4.4	400	1	49.3	43.7
5	0	1.4	0.5	50	0	13.7	5.5	500	2	16.6	54.7
6	0	1.6	0.7	60	0	16.4	6.6	600	2	44.0	65.6
7	0	1.9	0.8	70	0	19.1	7.7	700	3	11.3	76.5
8	0	2.2	0.9	80	0	21.9	8.7	800	3	38.6	87.5
9	0	2.5	1.0	90	0	24.6	9.8	900	4	6.0	98.4

Example. Find the time of the Mesha saṅkrânti by the Sûrya-Siddhânta in A.D. 1000. The difference for (1000 − 496 =) 504 years is (2 gh. 16.6 pa. + 1.1 pa. =) 2 gh. 17.7 pa. Adding this to Friday, 22nd March, 42gh. 5pa., i.e., the time fixed by the Ârya-Siddhânta (Table I., cols. 14, 15), we have 44 gh. 22.7 pa. from sunrise on that Friday as the actual time by the Sûrya-Siddhânta.

97. Cols. 19 to 25. The entries in these columns enable us to convert and verify Indian luni-solar dates. They were first calculated, as already stated, according to the Tables published by Prof. Jacobi in the Indian Antiquary^[1] (Vol. XVII.). The calculations were not only most carefully made, but every figure was found to be correct by independent test. As now finally issued, however, the figures are those obtained from calculations direct from the Sûrya-Siddhânta, specially made by Mr. S. Bâlkṛishṇa Dîkshit. The articles $a$ , $b$ , $c$ , in cols. 23 to 25 are very important as they form the basis for all calculations of dates demanding an exact result. Their meaning is fully described below (Art. 102.).

The meaning of the phrase "moon's age" (heading of cols. 21, 22) in the Nautical Almanack is the mean time in days elapsed since the moon's conjunction with the sun (amâvâsyâ, new moon). For our purposes the moon's age is its age in lunation-parts and tithis, and these have been fully explained above.

98. The week-day and day of the month A.D. given in cols. 19 and 20 shew the civil day on which Chaitra śukla pratipadâ of each year, as an apparent tithi, ends.^[2] The figures given in cols. 21 to 25 relate to Ujjain mean sunrise on that day.

↑ See note 1 to Art. 91.
↑ We have seen before (Arts. 45 etc. above) how months and tithis are sometimes added or expunged. Now in case of Chaitra śukla pratipadâ being current at sunrise on two successive days, as sometimes happens, the first of these civil days, i.e., the day previous to that given by us, is taken as the 8rst day of the Indian luni-solar year (see Art. 52). This does not, however, create any confusion in our method C since the quantities given in cols. 23 to 25 are correct for the day and time for which they are given; while as for our methods A and B, the day noted by us is more convenient.

[1] See note 1 to Art. 91.

[2] We have seen before (Arts. 45 etc. above) how months and tithis are sometimes added or expunged. Now in case of Chaitra śukla pratipadâ being current at sunrise on two successive days, as sometimes happens, the first of these civil days, i.e., the day previous to that given by us, is taken as the 8rst day of the Indian luni-solar year (see Art. 52). This does not, however, create any confusion in our method C since the quantities given in cols. 23 to 25 are correct for the day and time for which they are given; while as for our methods A and B, the day noted by us is more convenient.

[1]

[2]