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‘a whistle’, M.Ir. fetán, Welsh chwythu; gαd, ‘withe’, M.Ir. gat, Gothic gazds, Lat. hasta; kʹαd, ‘permission’, O.Ir. cet; Nʹαd, ‘nest’, M.Ir. net, Ohg. nest. iii. nt gave dd with compensatory lengthening, e.g. dʹɛəd, ‘row of teeth’, O.Ir. dét, Welsh dant, Lat. dentem; ɛəd, ‘jealousy’, O.Ir. ét, Gaulish Iantu-marus; fʹɛədəm, ‘I may’, M.Ir. fétaim; kʹɛəd, ‘hundred’, O.Ir. cét, Welsh cant, Lat. centum.
After r Prim. Keltic d remains but not after l, n, e.g. ɔ꞉rd, ‘sledge-hammer’, O.Ir. ordd, Welsh ordd; kʹɛrdʹ = ceird for ceard, ‘trade, profession’, M.Ir. cerd, Welsh cerdd, Gk. κέρδος. Similarly in Lat. loan-words, e.g. ɔ꞉rd, ‘order’, O.Ir. ord, Lat. ordo.
§ 397. In earlier loan-words medial and final d corresponds to a Romance or Engl. t which was received as a lenis and later became d. In the earliest borrowings we find th = Lat t, v. Pedersen p. 170. Examples – bα꞉d, ‘boat’, M.Ir. bát, O.E. bát, Norse bátr; bʹαrαd, ‘cap’, Di. bairéad, < Low Lat. birretum; klo̤gəd, ‘helmet’, M.Ir. cloc-att, Norse hattr, Engl. hat; pα꞉drikʹ, ‘Patrick’, O.Ir. Patricc, Lat. Patricius; pʹαdər, ‘Peter’, Lat. Petrus; sö̤꞉d, ‘flint’, O.Ir. saiget, < Lat. sagitta; spʹïrəd, ‘spirit’, O.Ir. spirut, Lat. spiritus; stαd, ‘stop’, founded on Lat. status; tʹïdəl, ‘title’, Lat. titulus; u꞉dər, ‘author’, O.Ir. auctor. t probably became a lenis in pretonic syllables (Pedersen p. 153), whence the d of də, ‘your’, də, ‘to’; dirʹ fʹiə, ‘by my faith’, Di. dar, O.Ir. tar. The pronominal suffix of the second pers. sing. used after prepositions in Donegal is always d, e.g. fʹrʹi꞉d, ‘through you’; fu꞉d, ‘below you’; rõ꞉d, ‘before you’; əgəd, ‘with you’.
§ 398. In other loan-words medial or final d corresponds to Engl. d, e.g. bɔ꞉rdi꞉ erʹ, ‘approximately’, < Engl. border; mʹi꞉du꞉n, ‘meadow’; pα꞉rdu꞉n, ‘pardon’; skαdαn, ‘herring’, M.Ir. scatan, < O.E. sceadda, Engl. shad; spαdαNtə, ‘seedy, exhausted’, Lat. spado; spα꞉d, ‘spade’.
§ 399. kruədαlαχ, ‘hardy’, Di. cruadhalach, cruadálach, probably owes its d to fαdαlαχ, ‘slow’, = fad-dálach. ə Nʹo̤məd, ‘great number’, o̤mədu꞉lʹ, ‘numerous’, ə Nʹo̤mətə = ə Nʹo̤məd, go back to O.Ir. imbed which should give *ïmʹuw. Judging from the spellings immat, iumat, imat in Atk., imat (Laws), the modern form with d already occurred in M.Ir. Can the d be due to form-association with O.Ir. méit, mét, which is closely allied in meaning? dægʹαn, ‘depths’, M.Ir. oician has got its d from do꞉nʹ, ‘deep’.
