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§ 324. v usually represents O.Ir. medial or final b or m which originally stood before e, i, e.g. α꞉veʃ, ‘ocean’, M.Ir. aibís; i꞉v, ‘appearance, countenance’, O.Ir. óiph; i꞉viNʹ, ‘pleasant’, M.Ir. óibind; Lïv, ‘weed’, O.Ir. luib; seivirʹ, ‘rich’, M.Ir. saidbir; ʃelʹəv, ‘possession’, M.Ir. seilb (dat.); tαvʃə, ‘ghost’, O.Ir. taidbse. α̃vrʹəi, ə Nα̃vrʹəi, ‘tangled’, Meyer amréid, α̃vrʹəitʹαχ, ‘contrary, cross-tempered’; dα̃꞉v, ‘affection, fondness’, from the oblique cases of M.Ir. dám; dʹẽvəs, ‘shears’, M.Ir. demess; kï̃viαχ, ‘strange, foreign’, M.Ir. comaithchech; kïvlʹiNʹ, ‘emulate, emulation’, M.Ir. comleng; kï̃vnʹαχ, ‘mindful’, O.Ir. cumnech; kïvrʹəN, ‘field for planting’; krα̃꞉v, ‘bone’, O.Ir. cnáim; Nαvdʹə, ‘enemies’, O.Ir. naimtea (acc.); Nʹï̃v, ‘poison’, M.Ir. neim; rï̃və, ‘before’, M.Ir. remi.

αvαrαχ, ‘airy, light’, is obscure. It is pronounced the same as Di. aithbhearach, ‘blaming, censorious’.

§ 325. The aspiration of initial bʹ, mʹ is v. In the case of mʹ the vowel is usually not nasalised, unless it is followed by an n or m sound or by h, ç, (§ 172). Examples – mə vαn, ‘my wife’; α vαrαd, ‘his cap’; ɛgʹ ə vα꞉rNỹ꞉, ‘at the gap’; vαNə mʹə, ‘I greeted’; bʹiNʹ vïg, ‘a small gable’.

v is also the eclipsed form of fʹ, e.g. Nỹ꞉ vi꞉dɔrʹi꞉, ‘9 weavers’; ə vɛkʹiNʹ, ‘if I were to see.’ Medially in enʹəvïs, ‘ignorance’, M.Ir. anfiss.

§ 326. In the inflected forms of several words containing o꞉, u we find v arising after the analogy of go꞉, ‘smith’, plur. gïvnʹə; o꞉Nʹ, ‘river’, plur. ɛvNʹαχə); dUw̥, ‘black’, gen. sing. dïv. Such are bïvrʹə, compar. of bo꞉r, ‘deaf’, M.Ir. bodar; krïv, gen. sing. of krUw̥, ‘dowry’; iNʹe꞉i ə Lα꞉ əNʹï̃v, ‘after to-day’, which contains a genitive formed from əNʹUw̥; ïv, ‘egg’, is a new nominative to a stem *uw- < M.Ir. nom. plur. ugai. The word is always fem. in Donegal and the palatalisation of the gen. and dat. sing. has been introduced into the nom. as is commonly the case with feminines, cp. mwĩ꞉v, ‘to begrudge’, O.Ir. móidem, gen. sing. móidme. ərʹĩ꞉v, a by-form of erʹiuw, ‘ever’, may have been influenced by ərï̃və, ‘before’, as the two are frequently used together in the phrase ərʹiuw ərï̃və.

In ʃevtʹuw, ‘to shift for oneself’, Di. seibhtiughadh, the v is peculiar, as the word comes from the English.

§ 327. Post-consonantic mh, bh disappear in α꞉rʹi꞉m, ‘I reckon’, O.Ir. áirmiu, but α꞉rʹi꞉m strictly speaking is a new formation from α꞉rʹuw, which is used of counting sprats, kale &c.