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Contents

Introduction: page
Origin and General History 1
Phonology:
Orthography and Pronunciation:
The Alphabet 9
The Vowels 11
The Consonants 18
Note.—Transcription 29
Sounds in Combination:
Syllabic Division 30
Diphthongs. Falling Diphthongs 31
Rising Diphthongs 37
Ambiguous Groups 41
Accentuation 47
Quantity 65
The Aryan Vowels in Keltic 74
Aryan Vowel Gradation 78
Keltic Vowels in British and Welsh 85
The Short Vowels 85
Affection of Short Vowels 89
The Long Vowels 93
The Diphthongs 97
Later Modifications of Vowels 110
Vowel Variation in Modern Welsh 116
Vowel Mutation 116
Vowel Affection 120
The Aryan Consonants in Keltic and British 122
The Explosives 124
The Spirants 133
The Sonants 147
Interchange of Consonants:
Consonant Alternation 155
Assimilation, Dissimilation, and Metathesis 159
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