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in the Late Ml. period a began to be inserted before it, as ac a ry-wnaethoeẟ w.m. 30 (§ 151 ii (2)). The mutation after it was orig. the same as after ny; thus in direct statements r̔y chedwis detɏf b.b. 14 ‘he kept the law’; relatival, pawb ry gavas above. The lenition of the relatival form was generalized.
(2) Ml. W. ry = Ir. ro < *pro‑: Lat. pro, etc., § 156 i (21). The relatival use may be due to the analogy of ny, though it is not impossible that rel. ry may have been formed like ny itself, by contraction, thus r̔y < *r(i̯)o < *pr(o) i̯o.
vi. (1) Positive answers: to questions introduced by a, the answer is the verb repeated, or its equivalent, as gwnaf ‘I will do [so]’, except when it is aor. or perf., in which case the answer is do ‘yes’. To questions introduced by ai the answer is Ml. W. ief, ieu, Mn. W. ī́‑e; indirect, Ml. W. mae ef r.m. 29 ‘that it is’, Mn. W. mai ḗ.
In Ml. W. the verb may be repeated in the aor. also: A ovynneist ti a oeẟ gerẟ ganthunt? Govynneis w.m. 487 ‘Didst thou ask whether they had a craft? I did.’
Whether ef w.m. 42 corresponding to mae ef r.m. 29 is a scribal error, or a shorter form of reply, is not clear.
(2) do: Ir. tō ‘yes’. Thurneysen, Gr. 492, derives the latter from Ar. *tod ‘that’; but W. d- is inconsistent with this. Rhys, LWPh.² 242, assumes that it is the preverb *do, the verb being omitted so that do became a generalized past verb meaning ‘he (I, we, etc.) did’; *do- survives in Welsh only as the prefix dy‑: Ir. to‑, do- Vendryes Gr. 239; there are survivals in Ir. of do used as a perfective particle: mligid ‘milks’, perf. sg. 1. do-ommalg, tongid ‘swears’, perf. du-cui-tig, Thurneysen Gr. 322. The alternation t‑: d- occurs in this, cf. § 196 i (3); and the answer expected is a verb.
ī́-ef < *ī semo‑s ‘that [is] so’. *ī: Gk. οὑτοσ‑ῑ́, Umbr. ‑ī: Goth. ja, O.H.G. ia, E. yea. mai ḗ ‘that it is so’; mai § 222 x (2), ē as in ai ē, see § 218 iii.
§ 220. Adverbs of Time, Place, Manner and Measure.—i. (1) In Ar., adverbs or words which were later used as adverbs had the following forms: (a) Bare stems, as *ne § 217 iv (1), *pro > Gk. πρό § 210 x (1).—(b) Cases of noun, adj. and pron. stems, including the nom. sg., as Lat. versus § 211 iv (2).—(c) Stems with special adverbial suffixes; see (3) below.
(2) (a) A demonstrative or similar adj. forming with a noun in an oblique case the equivalent of an adverb was often compounded with it as Lat. ho-diē.—(b) A preposition with its
