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to end. For examples see § 166 ii (3). A trace of a wider use survives in awr py awr r.b.b. 107 ‘[from] hour to hour’.
pw: Ir. co ‘to’. Initial gemination after the latter is secondary, according to Thurneysen, Gr. 456, who compares O.Bulg. kŭ ‘to’ (< *qom: Skr. kám after the dative). The Kelt, form would be *qu̯o; this may be the pron.-stem *qu̯o‑, seen in e-grade in *qu̯e ‘and’ (Lat. ‑que, Gk. τε, etc.): Lat. ūs-que < *ud‑s ‘out’ + *qu̯e ‘to’.
v. eithr [rad.] ‘without, except’, § 99 v (4), is used before verbal nouns, as eithɏr bot yn well kyweirdeb y bwyt w.m. 227 ‘except that the preparation of the food was better’; hence it came chiefly to be used as a conjunction. But it occurs also before nouns and pronominalia: eithɏr moẟ c.m. 2 ‘beyond measure’; eithɏr y r̔ei a oeẟynt w.m. 227 ‘except the ones who were’.
- Eithr Morfudd ni’m dihudd dyn.—D.G. 51.
‘Except Morfudd no one will appease me.’
vi. O.W. ithr m.c. ‘between’ seems to occur only once; it was obsolete in Ml. W.
ithr, Corn. inter, yntre, Bret. entre, Ir. etar, eter: Lat. inter, Skr. antár.
vii. ỿs, es [rad.], Ml. W. ys ‘for … past’ is used before a noun denoting a period of time. er ys with a past verb: yr ys pell o amser r.m. 130 ‘[I came] a long time ago’, cf. Ỻ.A. 106, 107; er ỿs mis W.Ỻ. g. 293 ‘for a month past’; contracted er’s.
Ys guers yẟ wyf yn keissaw a olchei vyg cleẟyf w.m. 487 ‘for some time I have been seeking one who would burnish my sword.’
- Ofnus fyth fu’r fynwes fau
- Es deufis hyd nos Difiau.—G.Gl. p 103/193.
‘My heart was constantly afraid for two months till Thursday night.’
ys ‘for the space of’, perhaps < *en‑s: Gk. εἰς, § 215 iii (1). If oed w.m. 123 l. 2 (omitted in r.m. 197) is oeẟ ‘was’ for yr ys p 14/185 it shows ys taken for ‘is’, cf. Bret. zo, Fr. il y a; but yr ys is old, and implies ys prep.
viii. Ml. W. annat [rad.] ‘before, in preference to’ is used before neb, dim, and other expressions in which ‘any’ is expressed or implied. In Ml. W. yn began to be used before it; and in Mn. W. it became yn anad, the nn being simplified owing to the word being unaccented, cf. canys § 222 iv (1): yn anad nḗb.
