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from every man’, became gan already in Ml. W., as attep ny chavas ef genthi hi w.m. 10 ‘he got no reply from her’; Mn. W. gan ‘from’.
(3) genhiw (≡ genhyf) b.b. 101 ‘with me’, genhyf w.m. 55, gennyf do. 18, genhid b.b. 10, gennyt w.m. 11, ganthaw do. 9, genthi do. 10, 15, genti do. 28, y gennym do. 12 ‘from us’, genhwch do. 57 ‘with you’, gennwch ib., r.m. 40, s.g. 92, ganthut (‑t ≡ ‑ẟ) m.a. i 258, gantu w.m. 57, ganthunt b.t. 65, w.m. 16, s.g. 1, gantunt Ỻ.A. 69.
There is also in Early Ml. verse what appears to be a 3rd pl. genhyn B.T. 13 (twice), 15, 1 6 (twice), 17, 77, nyd ant y kenhin B.B. 49 ‘they will not go back’; also a form y genhyẟ b.t. 75, in an obscure passage.
(4) gan with the verb ‘to be’ expresses ‘have’: y mae gennyf ‘there is with me’, i.e. I have, y mae gennyt ‘thou hast’, etc.; nid oes gennyf ‘I have not’, etc.
(5) On gennif, gennit, wrthif, wrthit, see § 77 iv.
iii. (1) wrth: sg 1. wrthyf w.m. 10; 2. wrthyt ib.; 3. m. wrthaw do. 2; f. wrthi do. 10; pl. 1. wrthym Ỻ.A. 155; 2. wrthywch w.m. 39; 3. wrthu Ỻ.A. 113, wrthunt do. 119.
(2) O.W. gurt paup ox. ‘against everybody’, gl. consistes. gurthdo juv., gl. obstitit, seems to be a verb, § 193 v (3).
Ml. W. ẏ wrth ‘from beside’, as ywrthywch ac yrvrth ych tei Ỻ.A. 157 ‘from you and from your houses’, Mn. W. oddi wrth, oddi wrthyf, etc.; Ml. W. y wrth also means ‘compared with’, w.m. 11, Mn. W. wrth b.cw. 5 ‘compared with’.
iv. (1) gan, O.W. cant (Corn, gans, Bret. gant, Ir. prefix cēt‑, ceta‑) has the meanings of *kom, of which it is a derivative. Thus cann < cant < Brit. *kanta < Ar. *km̥-ta = Gk. κατά < *km̥‑ta. The pronoun suffixed affected the a; it may have been abl. *mī(d) = Lat. mē(d), or possibly a loc. *moi which as a mere suffix would become *‑mī. So for the 2nd sg. The first and 2nd pl. are prob. analogical. The affection of a before a labial became ɥ, § 69 ii (4); hence gennyf, gennym, gennywch, which caused the sg. 2. to follow; thus the distinction kept in Corn. between genef and worthyf (similarly in Bret.) is lost in W. Between vowels ‑nt- > ‑nnh- > ‑nn- regularly. In the 3rd pers. *do is used, as after other prepositions, taking of course the same case; hence *cant-ẟaw > ganthaw or gantaw, so for f. and pl. The 3rd pl. genhyn, with verbal ‑n (added to the apparent stem genhy‑?).
(2) wrth, O.W. gurt(h), Corn. worth, arth, Bret. ouz, oz, implies some such form as *u̯ertō § 66 iii (1); Ir. frith ‘against’ < *u̯r̥t‑: