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(for *erllyn), show the influence of the synonymous glynaf.—‑s (for ‑ẟ) represents ‑d‑t‑, § 187 iii.—‑ud < ‑w͡yd is a different formation from the others; the most probable explanation of the w͡y seems to be that it comes from new āi § 75 i (3); thus dywedut < dywedw͡yt < *do-u̯et-āitō < *do-u̯et-āti̯ō: Lat. abstr. suff. ‑atio, see § vii (3).
iv. (1) ‑ain, Ml. ‑ein, for ‑e- in the stem, in olr̔ein, darllein § 201 ii (3), dwyrein ‘to rise’, the latter surviving only as a noun meaning ‘east’. Examples of the verbs: olr̔ewys w.m. 469, darllewyt do. 49, dwyreawẟ m.a. i 300. The v.n. arwein has vb. arweẟaf in Ml. W., later arweiniaf; so kywein: cyweẟei w.m. 119.
Gwell kadw noc olr̔ein r.b. 968 ‘better keep than seek.’
(2) ‑w͡yn, for ‑ỿg‑, ‑wg in the stem: dwyn, verb dygaf § 194 iii; ymddwyn, vb. ymddygaf ib.; amwyn verb amygaf § 194 iv; adolwyn, beside adolwg, also atolwg in Mn. W., verb adolygaf ‘I pray’.
r̔ac adolwyn ẏ un vynet r.m. 197 ‘lest any should be asked to go’, Adolwg a wnaf G.Y.C. m.a. i 517 ‘I pray’.
(3) The suffix is *‑no‑; cf. O.E. ‑an < *‑o-no‑.—*‑egno- > ‑ein § 104 ii (1). Medial ‑eg- before a vowel > ‑ig- > y or e.—*‑uk-no- > ‑wyn § 104 iii (1).—ar‑, cy-wain seem to come from √u̯eg̑h- § 65 ii (3), but the verbs imply √u̯edh- § 149 i; as dn did not become gn (e.g. blyn-eẟ, not *blin- § 104 iv (1)), we cannot assume √u̯edh- for the v.n.’s.
v. ‑eg, Ml. ‑ec, in rhedeg ‘to run’, vb. rhedaf; ehedeg ‘to fly’, vb. ehedaf.
‑eg < *‑ikā abst. noun (orig. adj.) suffix, § 143 iii (14).
vi. (1) ‑an, added to i̯-stems, borrowed from O. or Ml. E.; as hongi̯an ‘to hang’ (O.E. hangian), ystwyri̯an ‘to stir’ (O.E. styrian); hence added to others as trottẏan r.p. 1272, mwmlian ‘to mumble’. Added to W. stems ‑ian forms a sort of pejorative v.n., as gorweddi̯an ‘to lie about lazily’, ymlwybran ‘to plod one’s way’, sefylli̯an ‘to loaf’. It is not much used in the lit. lang.—Without i̯ it appears as an abstr. suff.: cusan, Ml. W. cussan ‘kiss’ < O.E. cyssan ‘to kiss’.
Eng. strong verbs generally become i̯-stems in W. with v.n. ‑o as gildi̯o ‘to yield’ < O.E. gildan; cf. § 201 iii (6).
(2) ‑al seems to be a variant of ‑an arising from dissimilation in nasal stems; thus tinci̯al beside tinci̯an ‘to tinkle’, mewi̯al beside mewi̯an ‘to mew’; cyfnewidi̯al D.G. 145 for cyfnewidi̯o; naddi̯al for naddu, techi̯al for techu; sisi̯al whence vb. sisi̯alaf ‘I whisper’; myngi̯al ‘to mumble’, no vb.
