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Nato Duw § 159 ii (2), E.P. 274 ‘God forbid’; nadodd D.G. 105 ‘prevented’. Gedwch i blant bychain ddyfod attafi Marc x 14.
2. adawaf: 3rd sg. pres. ind. edeu, Mn. W. gedy, 2nd sg. impv. adaw, 2nd pl. edewch, Mn. W. gadéwch, 3rd sg. pres. subj. adawo, etc.
'Adaw ti y lle hwnn Ỻ.A. 105 ‘leave thou this place’. Ac yn y llestɏr yẟ ymolcho yẟ edeu ẏ modrwyeu w.m. 475 ‘and in the vessel in which she washes she leaves her rings’. hyt nat edewis ef wr byw do. 54 ‘till he left no man alive’. A el ẏ chware adawet ẏ groen r.b. 965 ‘whoso goes to play let him leave his skin behind’.
gadaf is itself prob. an old denom., i (8), from *g̑hə‑t‑, √g̑hē‑: Skr. jáhāti ‘leaves’, Lat. hē-rēs, Gk. χῆρος. adawaf is a denom. from adaw, which may be an ad‑compound of the same root with u̯- verbal noun suffix § 202 v (1); thus *ati-g̑hə‑u̯- > Brit. *ate-gau̯- > ad-aw. Initial g- begins to appear in adaw in the 14th cent.: gedewis Ỻ.A. 106.
The verb gadaf is in common use in the spoken lang., but recent writers seem to think that it is a corruption of gadawaf, and in late edns. of the Bible gédwch l.c. has been changed by vandals to gadéwch.
(b) cyfodaf ‘I rise, raise’, v.n. cyfodi, is generally reduced in Mn. W. to codaf, codi (cỿfod- > cỿw̯od- > co‑w̯od- > cod‑). But in lit. W. the 3rd sg. pres. ind. cyfyd Matt. xvii 23, and 2nd sg. impv. cyfod Gen. xxxi 13, remained. In the recent period, however, a dial. form cw͡yd ( < *cw̄́|ɥd < cỿwɥd) is sometimes used for the former, and even as impv., e.g. Ceiriog c.g. 94.
In Gwyn. the dial. forms are cỿfɥd ‘rises’, cw̄́|ad ‘rise!’ the latter now being replaced by a new cod from the vb. stem.
cyf-od-af < *kom‑(p)ot‑, √pet- ‘fly’: Gk. ποτή, πέτομαι, O. Pers. ud‑a-patatā ‘rises’; cyf‑od- orig. ‘rise’ (of birds, bees, etc.). The √ also means ‘to fall’ Walde² 573, hence W. od‑i ‘to fall’ (of snow), as Ottid eiry b.b. 89 ‘snow falls’; hence ōd ‘snow’.
(3) In Mn. W., especially in the late period, some verbs have been re-formed with the v.n. as stem; thus arhoaf became arhosaf § 187 ii; adeilaf became adeiladaf § 203 iii (1); olrhëaf ‘I trace’, v.n. olrhain § 203 iv (1), became olrheiniaf; and darllëaf ‘I read’ became darllennaf, or darllenaf, formed from the dial. v.n. darllen, for the standard form darllein, darllain.
As there is no early evidence of darllen it cannot be assumed to be from llên < lleen < Lat. legend‑. darllennaf instead of *darlleiniaf may be due to the influence of ysgrifennaf. But in S.W. it is sounded darllenaf with single ‑n‑, as if influenced by llên. In the 1620 Bible the vb. is darllennaf Dan. v 17, but impv. darllain Es. xxix 11, darllein Jer. xxxvi 6, v.n. darllein Act. viii 30.
