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Remarks.—This cestode, often called the beef tapeworm, is much more prevalent than the pork tapeworm. Taking all classes of infested persons together it probably occurs in about ninety per cent. Of the cases of tapeworm coming under my own observation not less than ninety-six per cent. have been of this species.

Experiments on Animals.—The larvæ have been reared in cattle by Leuckart, Mosler. Cobbold and Simonds, Probstmayer, Zurh, St. Cyr, Perroucita, and M.M. Masse and Pourquier. The measles are usually found in the voluntary muscles in the beast^[1] and in the connective tissues. I have, however, twice found them in the liver and once in the lungs.

Experiments on Man.—Dr. Oliver reared the adult tapeworm in a Mahommedan Syce and in a Hindoo boy. Professor Perroncito recently persuaded Dr. Ragni, Mr, Gemelli, and others of his pupils "to swallow beef-measles which had been subjected to varying degrees of temperature (45°—47° C.) One of the students thus reared a mature Tænia within himself in fifty-four days.

Literature —Standard works; especially that of Leuckart. See also Cobbold; Tapeworms, (3rd edit.,) 1874, Porroncito; Experamenti, &c., Le Studente Vet., (Parma, 1876, p. 146.) and various papers In The Veterinarian, (July and December, 1877.) Masse et Pouquier in Montpellier Med. Journal Mensuel de Médicine, 1876. See also Heller, (quoted below.)

Syn.—T. encurbitina, Pallas; T. humana armata, Brera, T. lata, Pinner: T. vulgaris, Werner.

Larvæ.—Simple scolex; familiarly known as the pork-measle, (Cysticercis cellulosæ of authors.)

Int. Host.—The Hog, (Sus scrofa,) both in the wild and domesticated state. As this measle also develops within the human body, man may himself become an intermediate bearer, and, by an act of cannibalism on the part of another man, prove a source of tapeworm-infection.

Remarks.—This cestode, though usually regarded as the common tapeworm, is comparatively rare in England. It is chiefly found amongst the poor, who are large consumers of pork which is often imperfectly cooked. In Iceland the pork tapeworm is rather more common than the beef tapeworm.

Experiments.—Pork-measles have been reared in the pig by Van Beneden, Haubner, Küchenmeister, Leuckart, Gerlach, and others, Küchenmeister likewise reared both mature and immature Tæniæ of this species in condemned criminals. Under Leuekart's auspices, several young persons voluntarily allowed themselves to become infested by swallowing fresh and living pork-measles.

Lit—The works of Leuckart and Küchenmeister; and also, more particularly, Heller's Darmschinarotzer, in Von Ziemssen's Handbuch, (Bd. VII, s. 601,) and in the Anglo-American Edit, Davaine, Les Cestoïdes, in Dictionnaire Encyclop. des Sciences Med. (New Edit.)

Syn.—None; but Pruner gave the title (T. tenella, to a worm, which was probably T. sotium.

Larvæ.—At present unknown, but conjectured to be the mutton-measle, (Cysticercus opis, Cobbold.)

Int. Host.—Probably the Sheep, (Ovis aries,) which is occasionally infested by armed Cysticerci.