Page:Men of the Time, eleventh edition.djvu/994

General, and in 1869 Major-General in the regular army. In 1867 he was placed in command of the military district of Virginia. In 1868 he was appointed Secretary of War, but he resigned in 1869, and was assigned to the command of the department of Missouri; and in 1870 to that of the Pacific. From 1876 to 1881 he was Superintendent of the Military Academy at West Point. Since 1882 he has been in command of the department of the Pacific.

SCHOTT, Wilhelm, philologist and ethnologist, was born at Mayence in Sept. 1809, and graduated as Doctor of Philosophy at Halle, in 1827, since which time he has devoted himself to the study of the European and Asiatic languages. His first work, "An Essay on the Tartar Languages" ("Versuch über die tatarischen Sprachen"), appeared in 1836. In 1840 he was nominated a Professor in the High School of Berlin, and in 1842 a Fellow in ordinary of the Imperial Academy of Sciences of Berlin. The same year he published "De Linguâ Tschuwaschorum," in which he demonstrated the Turkish character of this idiom. In 1849 followed his work, " Concerning the Altaic or Finnish-Tatar group of Languages;" in 1854, "The Numeral in the Tschudic Class of Languages;" and after this a yet unconcluded series of treatises entitled "Altaic Studies," 1860-72. Dr. Schott, who is Professor-Extraordinary in the University of Berlin, has also written largely on the Chinese language and literature, and on the Ugro-Finnish class of languages.

SCHURZ, Carl, was born at Liblar, near Cologne, Germany, March 2, 1829. He was educated at the Gymnasium of that City, and at the University of Bonn. In 1848 he became associated with Gottfried Kinkel, in editing a revolutionary journal, and subsequently in initiating a revolution. At the surrender of the fortress of Rastadt, he escaped into Switzerland, whence, in May, 1850, he returned secretly to Germany and rescued Kinkel, who had been sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment in the fortress of Spandau. The two escaped to Leith, Scotland. Schurz went from thence to Paris as a newspaper correspondent, but a year later returned to London as a teacher. In 1852 he went to the United States, remained in Philadelphia for three years, and then settled in Wisconsin, and became prominent as a political orator in the German language. The following year he was nominated by the Republicans for Lieutenant-Governor of the State, but was defeated. In 1861 he was appointed Minister to Spain, where he remained till Dec., 1861; returning to the United States, he resigned his office, and entered the army, and in the May following was appointed Brigadier-General of Volunteers. In the autumn of 1863 he went to Tennessee, and took part in several battles, but resigned in 1864, and returned to his profession of the law. In 1866 he removed to Detroit, Michigan, where he founded and edited for some time the Detroit Post. In 1868 he removed to St. Louis, and in 1869 was elected U.S. senator from Missouri. In the Presidential canvas of 1872 he united with that portion of the Republican party known as "Liberals," who nominated Mr. Greeley for President, in opposition to General Grant; but on the defeat of Mr. Greely he, with most of the "Liberals," returned to the regular Republican party; and in 1876 took an active part in the canvass for Mr. Hayes, by whom he was, in 1877, appointed Secretary of the Interior. During his occupancy of that position he seconded Mr. Hayes' efforts at a reform of the civil service by instituting competitive examinations for appointments to clerkships in his de-