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the head of the cabinet, M. Waddington, and resumed his place among the members of the Left Centre. In April, 1880, he was appointed Ambassador in London, with a view to his conducting the negotiations for a Treaty of Commerce, and he met with a cordial reception, but he returned to Paris in the course of a few weeks, in consequence of his having been elected President of the Senate, May 25, 1880, in place of M. Martel, who had resigned on account of ill-health. A short time previously to this, the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences had elected M. Léon Say as successor to M. Michel Chevalier (April 24). He was re-elected President of the Senate, Jan. 20, 1881, and he became Minister of Finance in the De Freycinet cabinet, formed Jan. 30, 1882. M. Léon Say, who is a great authority on financial and economical questions, has written "Théorie des Changes Étrangers," translated from the English, and preceded by an introduction; "Histoire de la Caisse d'Escompte," 1848; "La Ville de Paris et le Crédit Foncier;" "Lettre aux Membres de la Commission du Corps Législatif;" "Observations sur le Système Financier de M. le Préfet de la Seine," 1865; and, in conjunction with M. Léon Walras, "Les Obligations Populaires." He has contributed to the Annuaire de l'Économie Politique and the Journal des Economistes. In Dec, 1874, the French Academy of Moral and Political Sciences elected M. Léon Say to the seat left vacant by the death of M. Dubois.

SAYCE, The Rev. Archibald Henry, born at Shirehampton, near Bristol, Sept. 25, 1846, was educated partly at home, and partly at Grosvenor College, Bath. He became Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1865, First Class in Moderations in 1866, was First Class in the Final Classical Schools in 1868, was elected a Fellow of his College in 1869, Tutor in 1870, and since then Senior Tutor. He was ordained deacon in 1870, and priest in 1871. He became Deputy-Professor of Comparative Phalology in 1876; an elector to the Chair of Celtic in the same year; and Public Examiner in the School of Theology in 1877. He has been a member of the Old Testament Revision Company since 1874, and received an honorary LL.D. degree at Dublin in 1881. He has published:—"Outlines of Accadian Grammar," in the Journal of Philology, 1870; "An Assyrian Grammar for Comparative Purposes," 1872; "The Principles of Comparative Philology," 1874, 2nd edition, 1875; "The Astronomy and Astrology of the Babylonians," 1874; "An Elementary Assyrian Grammar and Beading Book," 1875, 2nd edition, 1877; "A Lecture on the Study of Comparative Philology," 1876; "Lectures on the Assyrian Syllabary and Grammar," 1877; "Babylonian Literature," 1877; "Critical Examination of Isaiah, xxxvi.-xxxix., the Chaldean Account of the Deluge, and the Date of the Ethnological Table of Genesis," in the Theological Review, 1873-4; "Syracuse," in the Fortnightly Review, Oct., 1875; "The Jelly-Fish Theory of Language," in the Contemporary Review, April, 1876; "The Karian Inscriptions," in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, x. 3 ; "Accadian Phonology" in Transactions of the Philological Society, 1877; "The Tenses of the Assyrian Verb" in the Transactions of the R.A.S., 1877; "Introduction to the Science of Language," 2 vols, 1880; "The Monuments of the Hittites," and the "Inscription of Siloam," 1881; and "The Vannic Inscriptions Deciphered and Translated," 1882. Mr. Sayce edited George Smith's "History of Babylonia," 1877, and "Sennacherib," 1878.

SCHAFF, Philip, D.D., LL.D., born at Chur, Switzerland, Jan. 1, 1819. He was educated at Chur,