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ous duties of honorary secretary to that society. He was also one of the founders, in 1874, of the Musical Association for the "investigation and discussion of subjects connected with the art and science of music," and performed the duties of honorary secretary until the end of 1877, when he retired as a Vice-President of the Association. Mr. Salaman is yet actively engaged in his profession as composer, musical critic, and writer on musical subjects; and in 1882 he published an important volume entitled "Jews as they are," which deals with modern Jews from a social, political, and religious point of view, and thoroughly vindicates the Jewish character on all grounds of reproach and prejudice. Mr. Salaman assumed the additional name of Kensington at the death of his father in 1867.

SALFORD, Bishop of. (See Vaughan Herbert.)

SALISBURY, Bishop of. (See Moberly, Dr.)

SALISBURY (Marquis of), The Right Hon. Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoigne Cecil, K.G., eldest surviving son of the second Marquis of Salisbury, by his first wife, the daughter and heir of Bamber Gascoigne, Esq., born at Hatfield in 1830, was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated, and was elected a Fellow of All Souls' College (1853). In 1853 he was elected M.P. for Stamford, and he represented that borough in the Conservative interest until his succession to the marquisate on the death of his father, April 12, 1868. While in the Lower House, he was known as Lord Robert Cecil, until the decease of his elder brother, on June 14, 1865, when he assumed the courtesy title of Viscount Cranborne. In 1857, he married Georgiana Caroline, daughter of Sir Edward Hall Alderson, Baron of the Exchequer, and niece of the celebrated Mrs. Opie. His lordship took an active part in all public measures which affected the interests of the Established Church, and in the leading Church of England institutions; and he was a frequent contributor to the Quarterly Review and to other periodicals. In Lord Derby's third administration he was, in July, 1866, appointed Secretary of State for India, which post he resigned on account of a difference in opinion respecting the Reform Bill, March 2, 1867, when two other Cabinet ministers, viz., General Peel, War Secretary, and Lord Carnarvon, Colonial Secretary, also gave in their resignations. On Nov. 12, 1869, he was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford, in succession to the late Earl of Derby. In 1871-72 he and Lord Cairns, as arbitrators, conducted a long investigation into the complicated affairs of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway Company. His lordship was again appointed Secretary of State for India when Mr. Disraeli returned to office in Feb., 1874. When at the close of the war between Turkey and Servia, differences arose between the former Power and Russia, the Marquis of Salisbury was sent as Special Ambassador to the Sublime Porte, and he and Sir Henry Elliot acted as joint plenipotentiaries of Great Britain at the Conference of Constantinople. His lordship left England, Nov. 20, 1876, and en route, visited Paris, Berlin, Vienna, and Rome. The progress towards agreement made at the preliminary meetings held at the Russian Embassy in Constantinople were so satisfactory that the formal Conference, at which the joint proposals of the Powers were pressed upon the Porte, was opened on Dec. 23. At the same time the new Constitution of the Ottoman Empire was formally promulgated by its author, Midhat Pasha. The Marquis of Salisbury really took the place of leader at the Conference, which