Page:Men of the Time, eleventh edition.djvu/971

his operations, from the capture of Lucknow till the suppression of the mutiny, and served in Rohilcund, Oude, &c, for which he received the War Medal with Lucknow Clasp. In 1858 he returned to England, and established the Army and Navy Gazette, of which he is now editor and principal proprietor, but his health had suffered so severely from sunstroke and bodily injury in India that he could not accept the proposals made to him to join the French army in the war with Austria in 1859, and he only visited Italy at the close of the campaign as a visitor to officers whose acquaintance he made in the Crimea. In 1861, however, he was once more engaged as "War Correspondent" and went to the United States, where he was received with much distinction by President Lincoln, Mr. Seward, and General Scott in the North, and by Mr. Jefferson Davis and the Confederate authorities in the South; but having written an account of the rout of the Federal army at the first battle of Bull Run, on 21st July, 1861, in which he was unluckily involved, he became the most unpopular person in the Northern States, and was assailed by constant abuse and invective in the press. On being refused leave by Secretary Stanton to sail with Gen. M'Clellan, who had invited him to the head-quarters of the disastrous expedition against Richmond, in the year following, Mr. Russell resolved to return to England, where he remained in quiet for some years, chronicling such events as the laying of the Atlantic cable and the Royal Wedding at Windsor, and engaged in literary pursuits and in the conduct of his paper; but on the outbreak of the war between Prussia and Austria, in 1866, he was requested to proceed post haste to the Austrian army, where the Times was represented by an officer whose early letters gave no proof of the high excellence to which he has since attained as a military writer. Mr. Russell was just able to reach Joeefstadt, where the Feldzeugmeister von Benedek had his head-quarters, three days before the fatal battle of Koniggrätz, and succeeded with great difficulty in escaping with the beaten army from the terrible calamity of Sadowa. He remained in Austria till peace was concluded, and at the time of the armistice being signed was with the corps of Kuhn in the Trentino, expecting active operations against the Garibaldians in the valley. When the war of 1870 burst on Europe the War Office at home refused to permit Capt. Hozier, who had acted as special correspondent for the Times at the head-quarters of the King of Prussia in 1866, to renew his connection with that journal, and Mr. Russell, who was in expectation of being permitted to join the French army, went at very short notice to Berlin, where he was received by the King, the members of the Royal Family, and Prince Bismarck just before the army had concentrated on the Rhine, and thence he set out to join the headquarters of the Crown Prince, which he reached the very day of the battle of Wörth. He was attached as a guest to the staff of His Royal Highness, and was present at the battle of Sedan, and at the siege and fall of Paris, which he entered with the Prussian troops, and remained in France till peace was signed. More recently he has chronicled for the Times the incidents of the Prince of Wales's visit to India. He was a juror at the International Paris Exhibition of 1878, and for his services was nominated an Officer of the Legion of Honour. Mr. Russell has received, in addition to the Indian War Medal and Clasp of 1857-8, the Iron Cross of Prussia, the War Medal for 1870-1, the Turkish War Medal for the Crimea, the Order (4th class) of the Medjidie, the Order (4th claas) of the Osmanieh, the Order of Franz