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tions d'Epigraphie Hébraïque," 1867; "Sur les Inscriptions Hébraïques des Synagogues de Kefr-Bereim, en Galilée," 1867; "Rapport sur les Progrès de la Littérature Orientale et sur les Ouvrages relatifs à l'Orient," 1867; " Saint- Paul," 1869; "La Mission en Phénicie," 1874, containing an account of the scientific researches in Syria during the sojourn of the French army in 1860-61; "Dialogues et Fragments Philosophiques," 1876; "Spinoza," a lecture, 1877; "Les Évangiles," 1877. In 1878 he published in the Temps, under the title "Caliban," a satirical continuation of Shakspere's "Tempest" in which all Shakspere's characters are introduced, but under greatly altered circumstances. The hero becomes a demagogue, supplants the Duke of Milan, and acts the tyrant, until he is himself overthrown. M. Renan married a daughter of Henri Scheffer, the painter, and was decorated with the Legion of Honour in Dec. 1860. His "Histoire des Origines du Christianisme," commenced in 1863, was completed in 7 vols, in 1882. This history of primitive Christianity comprises the "Vie de Jésus" and other works, ending with the "Marc Aurèle." His "Souvenirs d'Enfance et de Jeunesse," 1883, discloses why he separated himself from the Catholic Church while remaining "a moral disciple of Jesus." It is stated that he is writing a new book, "The History of Israel before the Birth of Christ." In 1880 M. Renan delivered, in London, in his native language, the Hibbert Lectures on "The Influence of the Institutions, Thought, and Culture of Rome on Christianity, and the Development of the Catholic Church." On the occasion of this visit to London he also delivered (April 16), at the Royal Institution, a lecture on the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. He was elected Director of the French Academy in April, 1881; and in June, 1883, he was appointed manager or vice-rector of the Collége de France.

RENOUF, Peter Le Page, oriental scholar, was born in the isle of Guernsey in 1824, received his early education in Elizabeth College there, and afterwards became a scholar of Pembroke College, Oxford. At Easter, 1842, he became a member of the Roman Catholic Church. On the opening of the Catholic University of Ireland, in 1855, he was appointed by Dr. Newman, Professor in that institution, where he filled the chairs of Ancient History and Eastern Languages. In 1864 he became one of Her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools, and he has since continued to hold that appointment. Through his marriage in 1857 with Ludowika, the eldest daughter of Christian Brentano, Mr. Renouf was closely allied to many persons whose names are illustrious in the literature of Germany. Whilst at the Catholic University he was one of the editors of the Atlantis and of the Home and Foreign Review; and he has since contributed to various other periodicals, particularly to the Chronicle, the North British Review, and the Academy in this country; and to the Zeitschrift fer Ægyptische Sprache und Alterthumskunde, conducted by Dr. Lepsius at Berlin. Some papers by Mr. Renouf are published in the "Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archæology." A list of his writings, as far as they are separately published, is subjoined:— "The Doctrine of the Catholic Church in England on the Holy Eucharist," 1841; "The Greek and Anglican Communions," 1847; "Traduction d'un Chapitre du Rituel funéraire des Anciens Egyptiens. Lettre adressé, à M. le Professeur Merkel, Bibliothécaire Royal à Aschaffenbourg," 1860; "Note on some Negative Particles of the Egyptian Language," 1862; "A Prayer from the Egyptian Ritual, translated from the Hieroglyphic Text," 1862;