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giving them his blessing, made Constantine, in presence of his mother, renew the oath of fidelity to his elder brother. A few hours after the emperor's death, Constantine took the oath of allegiance, adding that the latter might rely upon him under every circumstimce. In 1857 the Grand Duke paid visits to the courts of England and France, and inspected the naval arsenals of both countries. At the outbreak of the Polish insurrection, in 1862, he was appointed Viceroy of that principality, but he resigned that post in a few months. In Jan. 1865, he was appointed President of the Council of the Empire, and in 1871 he paid another visit to England. Of late he has been very busy with a reorganisation of the fleet, and he visited Turkey during the war, though only for a short time. In Jan. 1878 he was reappointed President of the Council of State for three years. He is the author of a "History and Description of the Town of Pavlovsk," published anonymously.

CONYBEARE, Henny, civil engineer and architect, fourth son of the Very Rev. William Daniel Conybeare, dean of Llandaff, the well-known geologist, was born at Brislington, in Somersetshire, Feb. 22, 1823. After leaving Rugby School, he entered the civil engineering department of King's College, London, and went through its three years' course, being during this time a private pupil of the Professor of Mathematics, Mr. Hall, whom he accompanied into Cornwall, to study the mining of that locality, when Professor Hall, with Professor Mosely, assisted in the organization of the Cornish School of Mines. On leaving King's College, Mr. Conybeare spent three years in an engine manufactory at Newcastle, in order to qualify himself in mechanical engineering before going on railways. Having completed his professional education, he went to India on the engineering staff of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway, and he had the civil engineering charge of the city and island of Bombay from 1849 to 1852, during which period a large number of his reports on the drainage, water supply, and gas supply of Bombay were published as blue books by the Indian Government amongst the "Selections from the Records of the Government of India." In consequence of the prevalence of water famines at Bombay, he was requested in 1854 by the Government of that presidency to report on the best means of affording an adequate water supply to the city and island. His recommendations being approved by the Supreme Government of India, he was appointed to carry them into execution. A description of the works, which were on an unusually large scale, may be found in the Transactions of the Institution of Civil Engineers. During his residence in India, Mr. Conybeare practised architecture as well as civil engineering, and designed the church erected at Colaba, in memory of those who fell in the Afghan campaign, the church of St. John at Satara, and many civil buildings. As a justice of the peace, he took a prominent part in the business of the Bombay bench; and on the breaking out of the Mahomedan riots in 1854 he was appointed to act as second Stipendiary Magistrate of Police. During the last six years he remained in India he was the Indian correspondent of the Times. Since his return to England in 1855, Mr. Conybeare has been in extensive practice as a railway engineer, and has been engineer-in-chief to a large number of railways. He was elected a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, and has taken a large part in the discussions of that body. In 1856 he designed docks for the port of Bombay, and in the same year was appointed Lecturer on the