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passed through more than thirty editions, and the articles which he has contributed to the "Biblioteca Italiana" and the "Indicatore" of Milan, have popularized his name throughout Italy. He belongs to what has been called the Romantic School, founded by Manzoni and Silvio Pellico. This author has published "Storia Universale," which has been translated into English, French, and German; "History of Italian Literature," 1851; "History of the Last Hundred Years," 1852; "History of the Italians," 1859; "Milano, Storia del Popolo e pel Popolo," 1871; "Cronistoria della Independenza Italiana," 3 vols., 1873; "Commento Storico ai Promessi Sposi [di Alessandro Manzoni], o la Lombardia nel secolo XVII." 1874; "Donato ed Ercole Silva, Conti di Biandrate; cenni biograiici," conjointly with C. Rovida, 1876; and "Caratteri Storici," 1881.

CAPEL, The Right Reverend Monsignor Thomas John, D.D., was born Oct. 28, 1836. Having completed his education by six years' private tuition under the Rev. J. M. Glennie, B.A., Oxon., in the autumn of 1860, he was ordained priest by Cardinal Wiseman. In Jan. 1854, he became co-founder and Vice-principal of St. Mary's Normal College at Hammersmith. Shortly after ordination he was obliged to go to a southern climate to recruit his strength. When there, at Pau, he established the English Catholic mission, and was formally appointed its chaplain. Subsequently, his health having improved, he returned to London, where his sermons and doctrinal lectures in various churches, and more especially in the Pro-Cathedral at Kensington, soon raised him to the foremost rank among English preachers. During several visits to Rome he also delivered courses of English sermons in that city by the express command of the Sovereign Pontiff. Monsignor Capel, while labouring at Pau in the work of "conversions," was named private chamberlain to Pope Pius IX., in 1868, and after his return to England domestic prelate in 1873. With returning health Monsignor Capel once more took to his work of predeliction—education—and in Feb. 1873, established the Catholic Public School at Kensington. He was appointed Rector of the College of Higher Studies at Kensington—the nucleus of the Catholic English University—in 1874, by the unanimous voice of the Roman Catholic Bishops, and he held that appointment until 1878. It is said that the Right Rev. gentleman intended to avoid publisling till he was forty years of age, but the attack made on the civil allegiance of Catholics led him, as a born Catholic, to write "A Reply to the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone's Political Expostulation," 1874. A passage in this work gave rise to an animated controversy between Monsignor Capel and Canon Liddon in the columns of the Times, respecting the alleged dissemination of several distinctive Roman Catholic doctrines by the Ritualistic clergy in the Anglican Church.

CAPERN, Edward, born at Tiverton, Devon, Jan. 29, 1819, is the author of "Poems," published in 1856, and now in the third edition, a work which attracted considerable attention, and procured for the author a pension of £40 per annum (afterwards increased to £60) from the civil list. In 1859 he published "Ballads and Songs," which was followed by "The Devonshire Melodist," a collection of the author's songs, in some instances accompanied by his own music. Edward Capern, who has long been known to the world as "The Rural Postman of Bideford," published "Wayside Warbles," in 1865, a second edition of which work, greatly enlarged, appeared in 1870.