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rainfall) are taken, There are thus no official statistics of its temperature or humidity or of the direction or velocity of the winds which blow across it.

In all these three matters, however, the conditions of the district closely resemble those obtaining in its neighbour Bellary. The three hottest months are March, April and May, in which the ‘average maximum’ temperature remains between 100° and 104° Fahrenheit and the ‘average minimum’ at from 72° to 78°. In June, after the arrival of the south-west monsoon, the average maximum temperature drops suddenly eight or ten degrees and thereafter gets less month by month until December, when it registers some 86°, The average minimum drops with it, though more gradually, to about 61°. The three hot months are unpleasant, but for the rest of the year the climate is passable enough and the nights and early mornings from November to January are delightful, the thermometer frequently falling below 55", Madakasira and Hindupur, from their higher altitude, are the coolest of the eight taluks.

The district is probably one of the driest in all the Presidency. In February and March, at the end of the rainless period, every blade af grass in it is scorched to tinder and fires are frequent in the forests.

It is during the south-west monsoon, from June to August, that the strongest gales blow. The position of the sand-dunes on the Pennér sufficiently shows this. In August and September the wind goes round to the north-west and during the other monsoon, in QOctober and November, it blows from the north-east. Thereafter, from December to March, such light breezes as there are come up from the south-east.

Only the northern and eastern parts of Anantapur have been examined by the Geological Survey,! and of the remainder it is only known that it consists of crystalline rocks of Archzean character.

In the north-western corner of the district a very narrow band of Dharwar rocks, some two to four miles wide, runs into it from Bellary. This is an extension of the ‘ Pennér-Hagari’ Dharwar band of that district and enters the north-western corner of Gooty taluk, six miles east-south-east of the Hagari railway station on the line between Guntakal and Bellary. Thence it runs nearly south-east, passing between Vajra-Kartiru and Uravakonda, for 24 miles to the point where it crosses the Pennér. Thereaiter it trends south and south by

1 Notes on these by Mr. Bruce Foote, F. G. S., will be found in Recorda, Geol. Surv. India, xix, Pt. 2, 97—110. The following account is some of it adapted from a note written for the Jmperial Gazetteer by Mr. Bruce Foote,