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worshipping the Devil for fear;" and Winslow, in his "Relation," "Another power they worship, whom they call Hobbamock, and, to the northward of us, Hobbamoqui. This, as far as we can conceive, is the Devil." Chēpie, or "separate apart," is the locality where the soul is separated or severed from the body, and must have been their name for Hades, or the ruler of it. Tchipáya is the soul after death, ghost, spectre, also corpse, skeleton, in all eastern Algonkian languages.

Another name for the Devil, obviously made by Christianized Indians or their teachers, was Mattanit, in the plural Mattannítoog, properly the "not-god, the evil-god," a contraction either of mata-ánito, or of matche-anitto. Even now the Indians of eastern Maine call him Mátchehant, "evil spirit," the -ant, or -anit, "spirit," occurring again in the last syllable.

Kesuckqu-and, or "the sun God," was, according to Roger Williams, a name of the sun, "by which they acknowledge and adore the sun for a god or divine power."

Chekesuw-and, the "western God," from chekesu, northwest wind, and this from cheke, "it is violent." The names for the other points of the compass were formed in the same manner: Wompan-and, the eastern God, "the genius of dawn or daylight," Wunnanamé-anit, the northern God, from nanumíye-u, the north; Sowwan-ánd, the southern God, or that of the southwest. For Roger Williams states: "They have a tradition that to the southwest, which they call sowainiù, the gods chiefly dwell, and hither the souls of all their great and good men and women go."

Other genii of beneficial influence, were the House God, Wetuóm-anit; the woman's God, Squau-anit; the children's God, Muckwathuckqu-and, properly referring to boys only; the Moon God, Nanepaúshat, "genius of the one who travels at night;" the Sea God, Paumpágussit, or, as Williams has it, "that deity or godhead which they conceive to be in the sea;" the Fire God, Yotá-anit, from yóte or note, fire.

The Kalapuya People.—The Kalapuya Indians were once living in numerous settlements throughout northwestern Oregon, and even now the remnants of their seven tribes are not inconsiderable. They kept strictly within the confines of Willámet Valley: and only one section, the Yonkalla, called by themselves Ayankēld, occupied some territory south of it in the Umpqua River basin. They were not warlike, and are not known to have participated in any war expeditions. The coast tribes of the Álsi and the other tribes now gathered upon the Siletz or Coast reservation kept them in terror.

About the Atfálati or Tuálati Indians we possess more special